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オンラインWikipedia日英京都関連文書対訳コーパス(英和) 見出し単語一覧

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  1. This system allow families operating industries in another region to dispatch their children to the business offices in Kumiyama-cho for several years after graduating school, in order to allow them to master technologies, and bring success to their parents' business through on-site practice.
  2. This system also refers to the system in which capital functions are placed in several cities.
  3. This system became the basis of the taxation system from the court government to the early military government, and was also used as the taxation standard for Ikkoku heikinyaku (taxes and labor uniformly imposed on shoen and kokugaryoi (provincial land) in a province.
  4. This system became the prototype of the nationwide sankin-kotai.
  5. This system began in the early Heian period.
  6. This system can be sometimes seen in private companies that have regular patrons.
  7. This system change was led by Hakuseki ARAI.
  8. This system conflicted with gunji and Tato fumyo at that time, who had links with Sekkan-ke (the families which produced the Regent and the Chief Adviser to the Emperor) and influential temples and shrines ("Engu oshinke," a general term for imperial families and nobles who gathered strength by approaching the Emperor's power).
  9. This system continued essentially unchanged through the Kamakura and Muromachi periods.
  10. This system continued until it was replaced by the Cabinet system in 1885.
  11. This system enabled the creation of the family register and yearly tax records, which were to be used as the original registers in allotting land, imposing taxes, and conscription.
  12. This system existed from the Heian period to the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
  13. This system followed the example of the inter-urban which was popular in the United States at that time.
  14. This system granted permanent ownership of rice fields (with certain restrictions) to any person who applied to their kokushi (provincial governor) for permission to carry out reclamation within a specified time period.
  15. This system granted the right to decide the passengers to the Sakai merchants who undertook to prepay the Chubunsen.
  16. This system greatly differed from that in China.
  17. This system had not been used for a long period, but came to be employed to cope with the rampant state of robbers and pirates.
  18. This system is adopted by a nation of vast land and the case of placing two capitals is called Ryotosei or Ryokyosei, (while the case of one capital is called Tantosei).
  19. This system is believed to have continued until the period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan).
  20. This system is called 'Jikiso.'
  21. This system is called 'yui' (bonding).
  22. This system is called Izumo school.
  23. This system is called the local tax manager system, which constitutes a foundation of the system of the dynasty state as a regime.
  24. This system is called the rice field allotment system.
  25. This system is considered to have started as the 'Goho-sei system,' an administration system in the ritsuryo system (a system of centralized government based on the ritsuryo code) in ancient times.
  26. This system is designed to preserve cultural property buildings in their 'aspect' (as a group) rather than as 'point' (individual entities).'
  27. This system is often used for a taxis which takes passengers to an airport.
  28. This system is often used for visiting tourist spots by a taxi.
  29. This system is sometimes called Kokushi ukeoi sei (literally, a system entrusted to kokushi).
  30. This system is still used today in a memorial address given at the time of a Diet member's death and the like.
  31. This system is summarized below.
  32. This system most closely reflected the concept of odo omin.
  33. This system no longer exists, however, so it is doubtful if family registers for all ranks of people were created on a national basis.
  34. This system of Joint Research Laboratories was firstly adopted by Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics of Kyoto University.
  35. This system of Shigekatsu was called the Sekka school (Snow Lotus sect).
  36. This system of designation was established with the revision of the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties in 1975, and since the first round of designations held on May 4, 1976 approved 30 properties, the number of designated properties has increased to a total of 264 as of March 11, 2009.
  37. This system of measurement is widely used in East Asia.
  38. This system provides concrete information on the age structure of populations and family forms.
  39. This system started in the early Heian period and later, the privilege of nenshaku was also granted to nyoin (close female relatives of the Emperor or a woman of comparative standing) and jugo (honorable rank next to the three empresses).
  40. This system started in the mid-Kamakura period when commerce and industries developed nationwide thanks to boosting agricultural production and the circulation of Sung currency and spread throughout the nation in the period of the Northern and Southern Courts.
  41. This system was based on Tsubono's idea that "a good teacher is needed to raise a good person", and Tsubono had ordered Shishigaku to evaluate by five levels the degree of "goodness" of all 400 teachers in the city and to secretly report the result.
  42. This system was based on the agricultural policy of the Edo period.
  43. This system was called Shirushichigai-aiban (different marks with a same number).
  44. This system was called the Tonden hei system.
  45. This system was established for Japan in the period from the latter half of the seventh century to the first half of the eighth century to cope with threat from foreign countries (Tang and Silla).
  46. This system was established in 1945 but was abolished in 1946 when Japan lost the sovereignity of Korea and Taiwan.
  47. This system was established in 1999.
  48. This system was established on October 14, 826 based on sojo (report to the Emperor) made by KIYOHARA no Natsuno ("Ruiju Sandaikyaku": Shinno-ningoku Daijokanpu (the official document issued by Daijokan, Grand Council of the state)).
  49. This system was established to increase demand towards traditional craft industries which have been slumping due to the shortage of successors.
  50. This system was introduced to conform to the one used in the one-man city trams, but subsequently it was changed in the first half of the 1970s to the one in which you get on from the rear-side door and pay the fare later, because such a system had been used in all the private company-operated buses running in Kyoto City.
  51. This system was later called Sakon school.
  52. This system was meant to pay a kind of salary to the above people and started in the early Heian period when such posts were given to sangu (three empresses).
  53. This system was originally the sale of court rank, like the system of eishaku under which temples/shrines and guji (chief of those who serves shrine) were conferred court ranks in return for a payment of joryo.
  54. This system was succeeded by the subsequent dynasties.
  55. This system was succeeded to Tokugawa shogunate which was basis for the currency in the Edo period.
  56. This system was therefore established to make up for deficient yakuryo (executive allowance) (yield) only during the term of office when a person whose rokudaka was not more than the standard.
  57. This system went smoothly at first, but councilors gradually became apt to put off their decisions to the following month, causing further delays in government affairs.
  58. This system would also remain effective during the reign of the next head of the family, Yoshikage ASAKURA.
  59. This system, following the chiliachs system of Yuan and the system of the place guarded by soldiers of Ming, incorporated the citizens who were used to life on the sea into the navy in the ratio of one out of three households.
  60. This system, however, ended in failure because it neglected regional characteristics to an inappropriate extent.
  61. This system, however, is different from general automatic doors because the driver controls the door after checking the passengers' movement and the surroundings.
  62. This system, however, is used as an excuse for the abolitionism of an era name because it can be regarded as what advocates the monarch's authority.
  63. This system, which had made possible the reconstruction of Todai-ji Temple, became popular among other temples, and major temples often installed the Kanjin shoku position in order to restrict them.
  64. This tabi are not specifically intended for ceremonies or formal attire.
  65. This tableware is like an Oribako (a small box for food, made of thin sheets of wood or cardboard), and has partitions in it and a lid.
  66. This tactics was used again when his daughter Tashiraka no himemiko married Emperor Keitai who was in a collateral line.
  67. This tahoto pagoda still exists, and an inscription of Fusebachi (a part that resembles an upside-down rice bowl at the rooftop) confirms that it was built in 1298.
  68. This taihei-shi was used for fusuma-shoji not only with wrinkle patterns, but also with dyes and watermarks.
  69. This tan (反) comes from the tan (端), which is an unit of length used in ancient China.
  70. This task continues for fully two days and nights.
  71. This taste from this rice material' is a measure for evaluating the chief sake brewer's capability.
  72. This taste of 'cleanliness' (neatness) which appeared in the Sung period was succeeded and developed in later periods and elevated a hobby which was supposed to be a mere play to an art.
  73. This tax hike met strong backlash from breweries, leading many of them to be involved in the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, but as the decline in rice prices due to the Matsukata Finance resulted in lower sake prices, the movement lost momentum.
  74. This tax payment style was called fumyo.
  75. This tea is made by mixing burgeons, footstalks, stems of sprouts taken from a tea plant (Camellia sinensis).
  76. This tea shop is well known as it is depicted in the novel 'Miyamoto Musashi' which is a story of Musashi MIYAMOTO (who was a sword master and a Zen artist during the beginning of the Edo period).
  77. This teacher and student relationship continued for six years, but Hokkai became homeless when Asaka died.
  78. This teahouse was rebuilt in 1969 on the 300th anniversary of the death of Akiyoshi ICHIJO who had a great knowledge of the tea ceremony, and includes a tea garden in which a stone wash basin and lantern with connections to Keikan remain.
  79. This tearoom was once said to be the place in which SEN no Rikyu committed suicide.
  80. This tearoom within the same building as the Kaiin-seki Tearoom but situated on the eastern side of the mizuya (tea ceremony preparation area) is named "Masudoko-seki" (lit. masu alcove tearoom) as it has an alcove with a board floor at the same level as the tatami mats which resembles a regular square measuring container known as a "masu."
  81. This technique emerged in the late Heian period; kodaiji makie (ultra-refined style of makie) in the Momoyama period is based on the hira makie technique.
  82. This technique enabled lithic flakes to be standardized and mass-produced.
  83. This technique had been used in Akita Prefecture since the old times, and it is said that Yamada Foods first introduced it throughout the country.
  84. This technique is called "zuku bonding."
  85. This technique is called 'kire.'
  86. This technique is considered to be unique to Japan.
  87. This technique is sometimes prohibited even for high-school students or senior levels.
  88. This technique is used to make the stone in a shape or to make a rough blade,
  89. This technique was used to give depth by using the original as a background and to make the expressive effect multilayered.
  90. This technology had been commonly applied to brewing sake until the middle of the Meiji Period when anzen-jozo (safe brewing method) was established.
  91. This technology was brought to Japan 30 years later at the end of the Edo period (1853) as a steam engine model.
  92. This tekkamaki is an Edomae-zushi (hand-rolled sushi) which uses tuna but is wrapped with a sheet of dried seaweed, so people can eat it without using chopsticks or getting their hands dirty.
  93. This tells us about the political influence of Chinese dynasties at that time.
  94. This temperance movement also developed an opposition movement against the plan to staff geisha girls in the village, and submitted a petition to Toyoshina police station in 1894.
  95. This temple became the chokugan-ji temple of Emperor Gonara (the temple for the imperial family to pray).
  96. This temple bell of Jingo-ji Temple has been designated a national treasure.
  97. This temple changed its name to Ruriko-ji Temple in 1492, which was thereafter moved into Yamaguchi City and is known today as the Kokuho (national treasure) Ruriko-ji Temple (with its five storied pagoda designated as national treasure).
  98. This temple developed as the headquarters of the Hirosawa school (one of the two schools in the Kogi Shingon sect), which valued Jiso (the practical aspects of Esoteric Buddhism, including rituals, incantations and prayers).
  99. This temple had been called 'Hokki-ji' in documents up to the end of the 20th century, but currently the official name admitted by the temple authority is 'Hoki-ji.'
  100. This temple had close relationship with Emperors of Jimyoin-to line (the Imperial lineage of Japanese Northern Dynasty) and was designated as the place of Imperial prayer by Emperor Kogon (the first Emperor of Northern Dynasty.)
  101. This temple had many followers because it had the longest history among the branch temples and Katata prospered as a base of the water transport of Lake Biwa, which made it as rich as Hongan-ji Temple.
  102. This temple has a Buddha statue found in Konjiki-in Temple, which was located near Shirakawa-jinja Shrine, located in the south of this temple.
  103. This temple has a legend that Kukai built a hall on the Horanomiya site.
  104. This temple has not been called Todai-ji since the foundation, and it is in "Todai-ji shakyosho no ge" (Details of the Sutra Copying Office of Todai-ji Temple), one of the Shoso-in archives dated February 2, 748, that the word 'Todai-ji Temple' was referred to for the first time.
  105. This temple has the circuit style garden.
  106. This temple has two names, To-ji and Kyoogokoku-ji, and is listed by one or the other in encyclopedias.
  107. This temple holds Jakuchu-ki (Buddhist service for Jakuchu) on September 10 every year.
  108. This temple is a chuto (sub-temple founded to commemorate the death of a high priest) of Sennyu-ji Temple.
  109. This temple is also known as Sumi-dera Temple since it was built at the northeastern corner ("Sumi" means a corner) of FUJIWARA no Fuhito residence.
  110. This temple is also ranked as one of the eminent Kannon Pilgrimage stops along with Ishiyama-dera Temple in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture and Hase-dera Temple in Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture.
  111. This temple is associated with the founder of the Fujiwara clan FUJIWARA no Kamatari and his son FUJIWARA no Fuhito, and it is the uji-dera temple (temple built in order to pray for the glory of a clan) of the Fujiwara clan.
  112. This temple is believed to have been established by Takanori KOJIMA to spend his later years.
  113. This temple is called Kinri Gobodaisho Sennyu-ji Betto (the steward of Sennyu-ji Temple, the imperial family's temple) or Mitera Betto Raigo-in (Raigo-in, the steward of the honorable temple (i.e., Sennyu-ji Temple)).
  114. This temple is called Seson-ji Temple.
  115. This temple is described in this section.
  116. This temple is famouns since Ikkyu Sojun went training there in his youth.
  117. This temple is generally called 'Konshu-ji' or 'Konju-ji,' and customarily 'Kinshu-ji,' which is particularly familiar at Todai-ji Temple.
  118. This temple is known as the temple where a Buddhist dispute (so-called the Azuchi religious dispute) was raised by the priests of Jodo sect and Nichiren sect based on a command by Nobunaga in June 1579.
  119. This temple is located around the confluence of the Yamato and Saho rivers, near the south end of Yamatokoriyama City.
  120. This temple is one of the Seven Great Temples of Nara.
  121. This temple is regarded as the place where the mame maki had begun and setsubun-related folk stories were handed down through the generations.
  122. This temple is related to Eshin Sozu Genshin.
  123. This temple is remembered in connection with the Tsutsui clan, one of Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial loads in the Sengoku period) families.
  124. This temple is reported to have been founded in 1191 by Tadakuni TAKADA, who was an immediate vassal of the shogun Yoritomo MINAMOTO and an ancestor of the Shimizu clan which became shake (a family of Shinto priests serving a shrine on a hereditary basis) of Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine.
  125. This temple is reported to have originated in Amida-do Hall (a temple hall having an enshrined image of Amitabha), which was built in the Heian period by the retired Emperor Gotoba at Toba-dono Palace, which is also known as the Toba-rikyu (Toba detached palace) in its present location of Nakajima, Fushimi Ward.
  126. This temple is said to have been founded by Gyogi in 749.
  127. This temple is said to have been founded in 771 by Shitaku Risshi, the disciple of Ganjin Wajo, but the exact time and circumstances of its foundation, as well as its subsequent history until medieval times remain unclear.
  128. This temple is said to have been the main shrine of Isonokami-jingu Shrine and hosts a Shinto ritual to mark the start of waterfall season on third Sunday of July every year.
  129. This temple is said to have originated from a retirement retreat for Nichiei built within Honyu-ji Temple (danrin, or a school annexed to the temple; present day Yusen-ji Temple) in 1616.
  130. This temple is the fifteenth of the Twenty-Five Sacred Sites associated with Honen Shonin.
  131. This temple is well known for its statue of Birushana Buddha called the Great Buddha of Nara.
  132. This temple later came to be called Kanfukuju-ji.
  133. This temple later received a framed motto saying, 'Fuso Saisho Zenkutsu' (Japan's first Zen place) by Emperor Gotoba.
  134. This temple originated from a mountain villa built around 1668 for the Imperial Princess Teruko AKENOMIYA, the eighth princess of Emperor Gomizunoo (her mother was Takako, the daughter of Takachika KUSHIGE).
  135. This temple site close to Iwashimizu Hachiman-gu Shrine was selected due to the belief that Amida Nyorai is the Buddhist form of the Shinto deity Hachiman.
  136. This temple site was formerly the mountain villa of KIYOHARA no Natsuno (782 - 837), a nobleman in the early Heian period, and was converted into a temple after his death, which was to be the predecessor of Hokongo-in Temple.
  137. This temple used to be called Momoosan Rengeoin Ryufuku-ji Temple and belong to the Shingon sect until the prohibition order of Buddhism in the Meiji period.
  138. This temple was built after the death of Shakyamuni.
  139. This temple was burnt down in the Meiji Period.
  140. This temple was erected as Hogo-in Temple.
  141. This temple was founded by Shoku (the founder of the Seizan Jodo sect) sponsored by Michiie KUJO in 1201 at present Honmachi 19-chome, Higashiyama Ward, Kyoto City (around the Tofuku-ji Temple).
  142. This temple was founded in 1427 as Myokei-ji Temple by Jiun-in Nisshin, the seventeenth head priest of Minobu san (Mt. Minobu).
  143. This temple was founded in 1548 by Enyo Shonen (1513 - 1554), who was born in Edo, Musashi Province, and studied at Edo Zojo-ji Temple when he was given the premises of the temple by Kyoto Shorenin no miya.
  144. This temple was listed in Engishiki as Shikinaisha (a grand shirine), and was worshipped by the Imperial Court.
  145. This temple was originally built during the Ninan era (1166-1169) by Nun Shinri from the Umezu clan, then the lord of the area, but later it was moved to its present site.
  146. This temple was reconstructed within the precincts of Myoken-ji Temple when Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI renovated the town of Kyoto.
  147. This temple was reportedly built in 810 by Kukai, and later received the devotion of Cloistered Emperor Goshirakawa, who built its cathedral and whose prince, Cloistered Imperial Prince Kakugyo, entered this temple as a priest.
  148. This temple was separated from Honkoku-ji Temple in 1410 and its kaiki (the patron of a temple at its founding) was Gyokudomyo-in Nisshu (a son of Michitsugu KONOE, who served as Kanpaku (chief adviser to the Emperor)).
  149. This temple was to become Bukko-ji Temple, which Shinran left in the charge of his disciple Shinbutsu before setting off to Kanto to disseminate the teaching of Amida Buddha's original vow.
  150. This temple, called Hieizan-ji Temple, was allowed to use the name of the era and came to be called Enryaku-ji Temple in 824, after Saicho's death.
  151. This temporarily prompted a controversy involving even the mayors of the two cities.
  152. This temporary service was not officially announced by JR West Japan.
  153. This tendency became more marked from the Meiji period onwards and, with the rise of nationalism and racism, the term 'yamato-damashii' became heavily loaded.
  154. This tendency has in fact existed since the Edo period (there were many cases where family heads were not engaged in management because they were in infancy or in poor health, or for other reasons, and consequently the so-called "ohbanto" would control the business).
  155. This tendency is also clear in the name attached to the new instruments that were introduced to Japan during the Meiji period, such as '洋琴' (piano), '風琴' (organ), '手風琴' (accordion), '自鳴琴' (music box) and '提琴' (violin).
  156. This tendency is particularly strong in Tokyo.
  157. This tendency is stronger in the south and west, and especially in Kyushu, at the rate of once in ten-odd years, the amount of rainfall equal to that for a year rains in a week.
  158. This tendency is true at the present days, so more houses in northern Japan have metal plate roofing (a roof tile bar (semi-circular battens used for roofing) and flat roof tile (such as a straight line), etc.) and slate roofing.
  159. This tendency originates from the low name recognition of judges except for Enma.
  160. This tendency remains even now, therefore it is difficult to draw a clear line between them.
  161. This tendency that vowels were divided into groups and often combined with other vowels of the same group and rarely with the ones of other groups was considered as a trace of 'vowel harmony' observed in Turkish for example.
  162. This tendency was accelerated after Kagetora NAGAO (more commonly called "Kenshin UESUGI") succeeded to "Soke" (the head family or house) of the Uesugi clan.
  163. This tendency was accelerated by lowering the dignity of the coins.
  164. This tendency was also seen in the Wang Xinzhai's group, which led to Yomeigaku being criticized as no longer Confucianism but Zen Buddhism teaching.
  165. This tendency was exacerbated further during the Heian period.
  166. This tendency was often seen among hereditary vassale daimyo (fudai daimyo) with an annual stipend of around hundred thousand koku in rice.
  167. This tendency was particularly visible in the Hokuriku region, where the doctrine of Ikko Shunsho was propagated in the early period.
  168. This tendency was to be further increased in the Kenmu Code of the Muromachi bakufu which placed its center in Kyoto, the central place of the court noble law.
  169. This tengai could be used to break down the fibers which were extracted from the main ingredient of paper, arrowroot plant.
  170. This term (Dokyo) is used in the broad sense of 'the teachings of the saint to be followed.'
  171. This term also means enshrinement of two or more kami at one shrine (this is called aidono).
  172. This term also means presentation, to present, to respect and so on, and generally refers to acts conducted to humanized divinities (deities created in Japan which had human portraits and humane minds) in the Japanese Mythology, the Imperial Court and Court nobles.
  173. This term also means to play a yokobue in short beats in gagaku.
  174. This term can be used also nowadays as a metaphor for chiefs, bureaucrats, or officers who commit a fraud or often take aggressive measures.
  175. This term can hardly be considered jargon.
  176. This term describes the Kyoto Normal School, including its predecessors such as the Normal School of Kyoto Prefecture and the Women's Normal School of Kyoto.
  177. This term had been a generic one as well, but after the title was given to the mother (Naka) who gave birth to Hideyoshi, the term came to be used for indicating her alone.
  178. This term has been often used as a word indicating phenomena considered to be unchanged in this country since ancient times.
  179. This term indicates a nagaya in which the dwelling units, each occupying a space of Kyu(9)shaku (approx. 2.7 m) in frontage by ni(2)ken (approx. 3.6 m) in depth, were placed in a row.
  180. This term is a pun for 'garage' which has the same pronunciation as that of squilla in Japanese.
  181. This term is also used for indicating a male who looks older than his real age.
  182. This term is also written as "画師."
  183. This term is also written as "矢倉," "矢蔵," or "兵庫."
  184. This term is an abbreviation of nitsume (boiling down).
  185. This term is composed of four kanji (Chinese characters) representing the essential doctrine of Jodo Shinshu founded by a priest, Shinran.
  186. This term is derived from the fact that the toothpicks are made of the above trees.
  187. This term is found in "Domoshuzoki" (a technical book on brewing sake) which is commonly presumed to have been published in 1687.
  188. This term is from the language of court ladies during former times and omi means miso, otsuke means shiru.
  189. This term is often used in period dramas.
  190. This term is originally one of the court-lady language, and it is also referred to as kowameshi.
  191. This term is said to have derived from fukie (吹柄) or fukue (吹枝), but there are many other theories.
  192. This term is the reverse reading of 'tane.'
  193. This term is used at all times as compared to influences from abroad.
  194. This term is used especially in the religious service of Shinto.
  195. This term is used for costumes called ryoto-syozoku (ryoto costumes).
  196. This term is used for indicating the subcutaneous fat portions, including Hongawa totally.
  197. This term is used in Buddhist countries including China and Sri Lanka aside from Japan.
  198. This term is used in contrast to Ooshogatsu (the big or primary New Year's Day), which refers to New Year's Day.
  199. This term is used in the same sense on both sides--victims and assailants--which is rarely seen among Buddhist sects of Nichiren lineage, because they usually use different terms and interpretations.
  200. This term is used to describe the high prices caused by people making deals with no regard for profit or loss for good luck on the first business day of the New Year.
  201. This term is used to differentiate it from Taimitsu, which is Esoteric Buddhism passed down in Tendai Buddhism.
  202. This term is written as 馬印, 馬標, or 馬験 in Japanese.
  203. This term means being relatively old.
  204. This term means leg-guards in the shape of gaiters made of brocades.
  205. This term means paying a bill.
  206. This term means that neta has run out.
  207. This term originated from Agaribana (freshly brewed tea) served to guests at yukaku (a red-light district).
  208. This term originated from an event where tears fall due to hot flavor irritating the nose.
  209. This term originated from its texture, and the sound of chewing it, gari gari.
  210. This term originated from shari of a Buddhist word, meaning, a word, zaali (????), meaning rice in Sanskrit.
  211. This term originated from the pronunciation of the Chinese character of '玉' in the on-yomi style (Chinese reading).
  212. This term originates in the Ichikawa family because they placed the scripts of Kabuki Juhachiban in a box and kept the box in a safe place.
  213. This term principally refers to the family and retainers, as well as followers of Ise-Heishi (Taira clan).
  214. This term refers to a movable yagura for a siege.
  215. This term refers to general sake brewing workers who work under the command of a toji.
  216. This term refers to high-grade toothpicks.
  217. This term refers to pottery that have rough red spots standing out on the surface.
  218. This term refers to shrubs which belong to the Lauraceae.
  219. This term refers to the upper structure of a large Japanese-style ship.
  220. This term represents a person who loves both alcohol and sweets.
  221. This term represents blind priest performers who vocationally play the biwa.
  222. This term used to be used also at home.
  223. This term was also used for indicating their social status.
  224. This term was coined by Kyoshi TAKAHAMA.
  225. This term was coined with the aim of refining this category of pictures, which had been played down as adjuncts to fairly tales until then, to the realm of art.
  226. This term was used because the goods were sold on such as straw mats on the ground.
  227. This term was used for Yoritomo and his vassals, gokenin to establish control of the nation by themselves independent of the imperial court.
  228. This term was used to refer the selling of lucky charms required for times or annual events, what is called, seasonal items or items that would only be used once such as nuts, berries, vegetables, fish (and, depending on the district, meat, which was normally banned) at markets or festivals.
  229. This term will be explained below.
  230. This term's history is even longer than that of 'yorishiro', and a book named "Shochusho", written at the end of the Heian period, mentions 'call a possessed person yorimashi'.
  231. This term, "of the divine wind," was the most common poetic epithet used to refer to Ise.
  232. This terminated the office of Oshu tandai in name and reality.
  233. This territory control system employed by daimyo in the sengoku period is called the daimyo-ryogoku system.
  234. This text can be read on the Kyoto University Library website.
  235. This thatched house, built late in the Edo period has been repaired and used as a tourist spot; reservations to see the house is required, and visitors can participate in various activities there.
  236. This theater has only public performances, unlike other theaters dedicated to Shiki Theatre Company and play only their musical.
  237. This theater was moved to Matsushima (Nishi Ward, Osaka City) in times of Bunrakuken UEMURA (Bunrakuo) in 1872 and changed its name into "Bunraku-za Theater."
  238. This theater was opened with a performance of the Phantom of the Opera.
  239. This theory argues that Takachiho in Hyuga literally refers to Takachiho in Hyuga Province (Miyazaki Prefecture).
  240. This theory argues that the sword used in the ceremony of the Imperial Court is the actual sword.
  241. This theory argues that the tradition indicates the place of departure is on the northern part of Kyushu region.
  242. This theory argues that zoni (without mochi) was one of the ritual dishes of the New Year among common people, and zoni containing mochi as essential ingredients was eaten only in the Kinai region (provinces surrounding Kyoto and Nara) before the early-modern times, and since then it has spread across the country.
  243. This theory asserts that a country-style Ryukyu dance having an element of a martial art developed into 'tee,' a martial art peculiar to Okinawa, which in turn developed into karate.
  244. This theory asserts that the Yamato Administration used the written expression "蝦夷" to call attention to China that the Yamato Administration was also holding the ethnic groups in subjection along with the expansion of the Administration.
  245. This theory assumes that Varuna was a pair of Mithra (a god of light) since ancient times and that he was Asura, but there is no other significant similarity.
  246. This theory assumes, on the one hand, that the chapter is a highlight of the text, and, on the other, that it was originally an opening episode.
  247. This theory became the target of a refutation in the work of Takeshi UMEHARA, who supported the theory of Masuda City.
  248. This theory came to be widely accepted as a 'theme' representing the overall work of "The Tale of Genji."
  249. This theory can also explain the fact that giboshi are used in non-Buddhist builldings, such as bridges and shrines.
  250. This theory denies so-called unbroken imperial line and says that a new great king's family was founded by the twenty-sixth Japanese Emperor Keitai whose origin is unknown.
  251. This theory derives from the fact that Shaka's body was cremated.
  252. This theory doesn't make it clear what the author was doing with "Ugetsu Monogatari" during the eight years after completing the manuscript, but in 1771 and 1772 Chobei NOMURA and Hanbei UMEMURA respectively issued announcements of the forthcoming title of "Ugetsu Monogatari."
  253. This theory enables the explanation of the unusually high death rate for battles at that time and is said to have a certain amount of credibility based on analyses of circumstantial evidence and others.
  254. This theory explains that the term is derived from the word which represents a person who makes miki (sacred sake) at a Shinto shrine.
  255. This theory explains that the term's origin is the word 'toji' (written as 頭司 in Japanese, which literally means "headman") which refers to a leader who manages a sake brewing team.
  256. This theory gained a considerable support in 1970's, however, the motives of the Emperor's family side and the time of emergence of the Fujiwara clan in the theory were not convincing, and therefore, it had lost its power.
  257. This theory gets a lot of attention because it can explain Empress Kogyoku's abdication or the reason that the Soga Family (except Iruka) was not displaced from politics after the coup.
  258. This theory has Takanori as a descendant of Amenohiboko, a son of the King of Shilla who appeared in Japanese mythology ("Nihon Shoki" [The Chronicles of Japan] and "Kojiki" [The Records of Ancient Matters]).
  259. This theory has been conjectured based on Dosan SAITO, who was his age and who led a life parallel to his.
  260. This theory has been rebutted in that there are few temples that are proved to have been awarded the frame with a certificate on the occasion of appointment as a jogakuji.
  261. This theory holds that Ibaraki Doji (the "Ibaraki" in this telling is also sometimes written with alternate characters) was born, like Shuten Doji, in Echigo Province.
  262. This theory holds that the changing of the tides in the Kanmon straits held the key to victory or defeat.
  263. This theory however is of minor opinion due to the discrepancy of the period.
  264. This theory identifies Waobu with Yamatotakeru no sumeramikoto who appears in Fudoki (description of regional climate, culture, etc.).
  265. This theory is adopted by the history book, "History of Ashikaga City."
  266. This theory is advocated to cover up the above mentioned first and third imperfections of the direct line succession code theory.
  267. This theory is also supported by the fact that some suspicions were thrown on the crown princes whenever they were expelled after the Nara period.
  268. This theory is as follows: Ieyasu was killed by Nobushige SANADA in Osaka Natsu no Jin (Summer Siege of Osaka), and a shadowy person acted in place of Ieyasu until he died due to illness, to avoid the confusion that would ensue otherwise and to make the work to stabilize the bakufu progressed smoothly.
  269. This theory is as yet unproven.
  270. This theory is based on a description in Section 7 of Koya shunju hennen shuroku (The Springs and Falls of Mt.Koya) (1719) that Yoahikane ASHIKAGA had founded a temple (present Banna-ji Temple) and a school in Ashikaga around Bunji era of late 12th century.
  271. This theory is based on how much Iemitsu respected Ieyasu and how he wrote his title as "Second Gongen, Second Shogun."
  272. This theory is based on the article in "Shoku Nihongi" indicating that TAKATA no Niinomi, who received Prince Oama with Kobito, was Inamori (manager of rice stores) of Mino Province.
  273. This theory is based on the following evidence: 1) Obiko's grandson Iwakamutsukari appears in the year of 53 in Keiko tenno ki (Records of Emperor Keiko); 2) the number of generations inscribed on the iron sword excavated from the Inariyama-kofun Tumulus in Saitama Prefecture.
  274. This theory is being introduced in the Cultural Exchange Exhibition room of Kyushu National Museum.
  275. This theory is called fiction theory, which claims that a mere combination of chiefs in the Gaya Province was named Mimana Nihon-fu by the later generations.
  276. This theory is divided, however, into groups depending on what Takachiho refers to, i.e. Takachiho-no-mine Mountain, Takachiho Gorge, and so on.
  277. This theory is highly plausible when taking into account the origin of the Sanskrit language.
  278. This theory is not adopted by any history book.
  279. This theory is now generally accepted, but as far as the introduction of Kojiki is strictly read, even though the work for making the history book was done both with Teiki and Kyuji, Kojiki itself is supposed to have only Kyuji from Teiki and Kyuji in its contents.
  280. This theory is the combination of the above 'Toji theory' and the 'Du Kang theory.'
  281. This theory is to identify Toyo as Yorozuhatatoyoakitu-hime, because she was the person who was a very close relative of Amaterasu and had the character of 'Toyo' in her name; this was the argument Biten YASUMOTO wrote in his "The mystery of Himiko; New Edition"(Kodansha new book).
  282. This theory made up the major part of `Tagenteki Kodaishikan' (pluralistic view of ancient history) by FURUTA.
  283. This theory of the three-part structure later came to be widely accepted.
  284. This theory on the origin of Kamon is considered to be the most prevalent.
  285. This theory preached that the essence of zazen was for one to keep just sitting in silence, being isolated from any ordinary discretion or consideration, until his or her own nature would appear in an image of Buddha so that he or she might obtain Buddhist virtue.
  286. This theory provided a springboard for a shift in views from the belief that medieval Buddhism in Japan was represented by Kamakura New Buddhism (new schools of Japanese Buddhism founded during the Kamakura period), the view prevailing after WWII, to the belief that old Buddhism was the mainstream of medieval Buddhism.
  287. This theory says that not only Kumage, but also Takasaka no Okimi supported OTOMO no Fukei's surprise attack.
  288. This theory says the term's sound came from '刀自' (toji) and the characters 杜康 were assigned to the term afterward.
  289. This theory stands on the extensive support of the advocators who presume that Murakami-Genji (Minamoto clan) was in charge of editing this book, based upon the supposition that the original editor of this book could be the same person that enlarged the book, although the editor is said to be unidentified.
  290. This theory states that Tira no Tokiko drowned herself in the sea while wearing the sacred sword at her side during the Battle of Dan-no-ura and it was never found again.
  291. This theory suggests that the original meaning the sword came from 'Hebi no Tsurugi' ('hebi' for 'serpent' and 'tsurugi' for 'sword), with 'kusa' (grass) referring to 'smell' and 'nagi' referring to 'snake' (see names of 'unagi' (eels)).
  292. This theory suggests that the sword has been kept in the most secluded room of Atsuta-jingu Shrine as a 'shintai' (object of worship housed in a Shinto shrine and believed to contain the spirit of a deity).
  293. This theory that Dainichinyorai originates from King Asura and the supreme god of Zoroastrianism remains inconclusive.
  294. This theory that the assassination was carried out by Mimawarigumi is now widely accepted, and almost no historian raises questions about this theory.
  295. This theory was advocated by Kurakichi SHIRATORI and Tetsuro WATSUJI.
  296. This theory was advocated by Norinaga MOTOORI, Shigenobu TSURUMINE, and Michiyo NAKA.
  297. This theory was also adopted in 'Heike Monogatari - Tsurugi no maki' (Tales of the Heike Family - Volume on the sword).
  298. This theory was based on the following idea.
  299. This theory was employed in "Ieyasu TOKUGAWA," a novel by Sohachi YAMAOKA.
  300. This theory was espoused by Anko AZATO and his pupil, Gichin FUNAKOSHI.
  301. This theory was formulated by Chigi and adopted by the Tendaishu sect as education, which has been handed down by the Hokkeshu sect and later by the Nichirenshu sect.
  302. This theory was known as Confucianism; the teachings of Confucius.
  303. This theory was opposed by Shinkichi UESUGI who upheld the stance that the Emperor holds sovereignty but was repeatedly brought to attention as the foundation for interpretation of the Constitution in realizing legislative rule.
  304. This theory was originally developed by Mitogaku (the scholarship and academic traditions that arose in the Mito Domain) that highly valued Shushigaku (Neo-Confucianism) and spread nationwide as the thought of Sonno Joi ('Revere the Emperor and expel the barbarians').
  305. This theory was originated by Shinto people who had complained about Buddhism, which had been dominant over Shinto, and wanted Shinto to achieve independent status from it.
  306. This theory was suggested by Yasutsugu SHIGENO in the Meiji period.
  307. This thesis is the one that attracted the most attention because of the title, and may be said to symbolize the disputes over the Civil Code.
  308. This thing became a subject matter for kodan storytelling or Yomihon (a reader) in form of "Iga Ninja versus Koka Ninja" in Edo period.
  309. This thinking is largely accepted among who identify Himiko as Amaterasu, and this identification leads to a hypothesis to explain the historical incident of Iwato-gakure by the total eclipse of the sun, which happened around the death of Himiko.
  310. This third Juro dayu under the aegis of the Ochi clan was called Ochi dayu.
  311. This third Juro dayu who moved down to Suruga Province was protected by the Imagawa clan, and was also called Suruga Juro dayu.
  312. This thirty third episode 'The death of a friend' caused such a great sensation that it came back on the air in the end of the year.
  313. This thought has caused to bring about a belief that Buddhahood may be attained not through practices in this mortal world, but only after completion of mind-boggling ryakko-shugyo (countless kalpas of practices to reach enlightenmment in Buddhism) through the long long circle of transmigration.
  314. This thought is mainly believed in the Kegon and Zen sects.
  315. This thought is very meaningful in Jodoshinshu doctrine, meaning 'It is evil people who are the major object of salvation based on the Vow of Amida Nyorai (Primal Vow of Other Power).'
  316. This thought shows that the true objects of Amida Buddha's salvation are those who are aware that they are 'evil.'
  317. This thought was assumed by the later established Chinese Zen; for example, it became the definition of zazen, which is said to be a word created by Rokuso Eno (sixth leader Eno).
  318. This three classification system describes changing community structures.
  319. This three tatami mat size teahouse features a middle post that stands at the front edge of the host's mat, a decorative alcove placed behind the host's mat and a hearth placed inside the guest's mat.
  320. This three-stage decision-making system by Chokan, Tsuhangan and Hangan was called Sanhan-sei system.
  321. This three-storey pagoda, 16 meters tall, erected in 1704 originally stood at Kozo-ji Temple in Mikazuki-cho, Harima Province, before being purchased by Mimuroto-ji Temple and relocated to the top of the hill to the west of the temple approach in 1910.
  322. This three-storied pagoda has been designated a cultural property of Shiga Prefecture.
  323. This threw the entire world into darkness, and various problems occurred.
  324. This ticket can be purchased overseas as well; it is popular in Korea, since more tourists are coming to Japan these days.
  325. This ticket is relatively inexpensive if passengers ride on the train more than two times per day; additionally, the accompanying coupon offers a discount for an entrance fee at a shrine, temple or sightseeing facility, as well as a little gift.
  326. This tide remained as the common law up to the early part of the Edo period; and when the government changed its policy to bunjiseiji (civil government), it was criticized by Confucians.
  327. This tile is believed to have started when Ieyasu TOKUGAWA put them on the roof of the top floor, such as Nagoya-jo Castle large keep and Edo-jo Castle keep.
  328. This tile is not transparent but is obscured like a soda glass.
  329. This time as well, there was a conflict between Imperial Prince Atsuyasu and Imperial Prince Atsuhira (later called Emperor Goichijo), which was a similar situation when there was a conflict between Koretaka and Atsuyasu.)
  330. This time he couldn't achieve popularity so it was a slightly bitter debut for him in Tokyo.
  331. This time he gained another severed head in addition to that of Adachi.
  332. This time is considered to have been the turning point from the Ritsuryo system to a new state system, the system of the dynasty state.
  333. This time it will be an unprecedented reconstruction which hasn't been told yet either in writing or orally.'
  334. This time the diplomatic attitude of England was softened under the international circumstances such as the advance of Russia, but AOKI was forced to resign due to the Otsu Incident in 1891 and the negotiation was interrupted.
  335. This time the number of modifications was far less, but the content was candy-coated and the original work can not be seen in Japan even today.
  336. This time when the 'Emperor was located in Tokyo', the Daijokan was transferred to Tokyo, and Rusukan was established in Kyoto.
  337. This time zone is also called 'Aotan' (literally, blue strip of paper) because 'Warimashi' (Extra fare) is displayed in blue on the indicating lamp.
  338. This time, he mainly taught English instead of Dutch, and he had changed the school from the Rangaku school to the Eigaku school.
  339. This time, he received the same treatment as a kanrei (shogunal deputy) from Yoshiteru (Uesugi's seven licenses).
  340. This title after death 'Gosanjo' is said to have been chosen by himself while he was alive to mean that he was the heir of his maternal grandfather, Sanjo ("A Tale of Flowering Fortunes").
  341. This title was given to distinguish Kotaifujin from Kotaigo 'Emperor's mother and dowager' and Kotaihi 'Emperor's mother and wife of Imperial member' before Emperor Daigo.
  342. This tokoroten is full of coolness, which must have been made with the water by carried from the Kiyotaki-gawa River (by Basho MATSUO).
  343. This tomb is believed to be the Yanagimoto Andon-yama Tomb (large keyhole-shaped tomb mound of 242 m in length) in modern-day Yanagimoto-cho, Tenri City, Nara Prefecture.
  344. This tomb is surrounded by a triple moat.
  345. This tomb mound is estimated as follows: It was approximately 175 m long; the round part was approximately 110 m in diameter, 20 m in height; the rectangular part was approximately 80 m long, and approximately 10 m in height.
  346. This took a more concrete shape in 1177 as the Shishigatani Conspiracy.
  347. This took place when he lived in Tamon-jo Castle.
  348. This took the Ming army by surprise, so they broke ranks and retreated in a second.
  349. This took the same line as shops which used to be family businesses turning into modern companies.
  350. This tool is suited for mid level sake.
  351. This torture was performed on Ikko Sect believers as well as Christians and those who had killed their masters.
  352. This tower consisted of seven stories.
  353. This tower functioned as a 'Butsuden (Buddha hall, a building enshrining the status of Buddha and dedicated to prayer)' and as a 'pagoda' in later years.
  354. This tower was initially built in 1618 within the precinct of Jingu-ji Temple, which was associated with Sumiyoshi-taisha Shrine in Osaka, but early in the Meiji period it was moved to where it now stands.
  355. This town faces Japan Sea, and is famous for swimming beaches including Kotobiki-hama beach, a singing-sand beach, and Tango Chirimen (silk crepe).
  356. This town has Kyoga-misaki, the northmost point of the Kinki region and a lighthouse standing on the point.
  357. This town has the lagest hospital in Kyotango City, 'Kyotango City Yasaka Hospital' (former: Yasaka-cho National Health Insurance Hospital).
  358. This town is faced to the Xi Jiang river and has Mt. Fuka in the east.
  359. This town is famous for the legend of ONO no Komachi.
  360. This town is famous for the novel titled "Goban-cho Yugiri-ro" written by Tsutomu MINAKAMI, whose scenes were set in the "yukaku" of Goban-cho.
  361. This town is known as the place where the Mineyama Domain existed, which inherited the tradition of the Miyazu Domain, which was established by Takatomo KYOGOKU.
  362. This town is listed in any of 'Kadokawa,' 'Jurisdiction District Ordinance' and 'Announcement of the Election Committee,' but is not seen on maps.
  363. This town is located in almost the center of Tango Peninsula and famous as a place where Garasha HOSOKAWA, Mrs. Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, was confined.
  364. This town is located in the center of Tango Peninsula and is famous for "Tennyo no hagoromo densetsu" (Legend of the celestial raiment [robe] of an angel).
  365. This town name is listed in 'Jurisdiction District Ordinance' but is not in 'Announcement of the Election Committee.'
  366. This town name is not seen in 'Jurisdiction District Ordinance,' but seen as a town which belongs to the first election district in 'Announcement of the Election Committee.'
  367. This town name is registered in 'Jurisdiction District Ordinance' although it is absent in 'Announcement of the Election Committee.'
  368. This town name is seen on the postal code list, but not in 'Jurisdiction District Ordinance,' and 'Kadokawa' regards it as the name of a town abolished in 1962.
  369. This town was named Musashi Ranzan because it has a valley of which the scenery resembled that of Arashiyama in Kyoto City.
  370. This town, located on the border between Kyoto and Hyogo Prefectures, faces Japan Sea and has some hot springs.
  371. This trade name 'Yojiya' was derived from toothbrushes called 'Yoji' which were sold in the store as one of its primary products at that time, when 'Yojiya-san' became the store's nickname familiar to many people.
  372. This trade name derived from choji (a clove tree), and it was used by shoka (mercantile house) whose kamon (family crest) contained a design of cloves.
  373. This trade was a restricted trading, carried out 19 times from 1401 to 1549.
  374. This tradition continued until the Meiji Restoration.
  375. This tradition is reflected in Kyoto style wagashi today.
  376. This tradition might suggest that the SOGA clan was controlling financial affairs in the Imperial Court in the latter half of the 5th century.
  377. This tradition of hard work has been passed down to the present day, and many companies today choose both to erect small Shinto altars at their workplaces and to commemorate major turning points for the company with ceremonies featuring Shinto rituals.
  378. This tradition of two Japans was continued into "Taiping Yulan" (The Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era) compiled under the early Sung (Dynasty).
  379. This tradition originated in 1252 during the Kamakura period when Shinran held a sermon in Narutaki on the way back from Gatsurin-ji Temple on Mt. Atago, and the deeply impressed locals presented him with a meal of boiled daikon radish with salt as it was all they had to offer.
  380. This tradition originates from the uikoburi ritual (putting a crown on a young man's head on the ceremony of attaining manhood) of the Heian period.
  381. This tradition was often seen in the regions around Kanto area (Tokyo) until the latter half of the 1980's.
  382. This traditional distinction between ranks has been weakened in recent years.
  383. This traditional naming system is difficult for the modern people to understand the due to the demise of Japan's traditional family system (that occurred with 1947 revisions to Succession and Domestic Relationship elements of Japan's Civil Code)..
  384. This tragedy portraying a private who failed to stab an American prisoner of war to death after being ordered to do so by his superior officer was executed as a war criminal became very popular and won the Arts Festival award.
  385. This tragic tradition was novelized with a title of 'Najio-gawa River' by Tsutomu MIZUKAMI in 1969, and enjoyed a great reputation.
  386. This train changed its direction of movement at Chushojima Station because of the wire setup.
  387. This train is categorized as "rapid" in the section between Ayabe Station and Nishi-Maizuru Station, which is controlled by JR West.
  388. This train is five cars long because of the limited effective length of the platforms on the Katano Line.
  389. This train is often operated between Kyoto and Ayabe, being connected with 'Maizuru (train)' a limited express train.
  390. This train is one of those used in the North Kinki Big X Network.
  391. This train is operated between Tsuruga Station and Yonago Station, connected with the 'Asashio' express train running between Kanazawa Station and Izumoshi Station.
  392. This train is operated for direct commuters between Kyoto and Osaka, so that on weekdays the round-trip train services are provided until the end of the morning rush hour and after the beginning of the evening rush hour, totaling approximately 30 round-trip services; however, on weekends and holidays there is no service.
  393. This train is sometimes operated as a special train with its operation extended to the west of Fukuchiyama, up to Kinosakionsen Station.
  394. This train ran through Kamo to Nara on the Yamatoji Line, but from 1958 to September 30, 1973, it ran between Nagoya, Nara and Minatomachi (currently JR Nanba) (the predecessor to this train appeared in 1949, running until 1966 as a local express).
  395. This train serves as a commuter limited express as well as a train that relays passengers from the Tajima area to the Kyoto area.
  396. This train was also operated during the autumn season in 2004.
  397. This train was introduced because, at that time in 1998, the Uji area was promoting local tourism featuring the 'Town of the Tale of Genji'; also, 'The Tale of Genji Museum' was completed in the autumn of the same year in the vicinity of Uji Station (Keihan).
  398. This train was introduced in the section between Umeda Station and Kita-senri Station as well as in the section between Dobutsuen-mae Station (on the Osaka Municipal Subway Sakaisuji Line) and Kita-senri Station.
  399. This training center with many students who were sympathetic to Tosa Dappan Roshi (masterless samurai who left the Tosa domain) or Choshu was closed down in 1865, the following year, because it was deemed to have a strong anti-Bakufu hue in spite of an organ of the Bakufu.
  400. This transcript is the one that had been handed down in the Wakasugi family, which was the lineage of the Keishi (household superintendent) of the Tsuchimikado family.
  401. This transcript was donated to the Imperial court by the Tsuchimikado family and was inherited by the Imperial Household Archives.
  402. This transcript was presented to the Maeda clan, which was the lord of the Kaga domain, by the head of Abe family Yasutomi Abe in the early Edo Period.
  403. This transfer of positions was extremely unusual (demotion) for a retired Army General; however, it was said that the transfer was Yoshifuru's strong wish.
  404. This transfer was believed to be the reward for his military achievement in the Shikoku Conquest and his hereditary rice stipend had to increase; however, in fact, the stipend was decreased from 400,000 koku (72156 cubic meters) to 200,000 koku (36078 cubic meters).
  405. This treatise was later called 'Myokaku Sanzoryu' and distributed with added Japanese readings of Chinese characters.
  406. This treatment incited Kuranosuke OISHI to get revenge.
  407. This treaty allowed the Empire of Japan to deprive the Korean Empire of its diplomatic right, making Korea in effect Japan's protect state.
  408. This treaty as well as other treaties was confirmed to be already null and void, according to the Article II of the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea concluded in 1965.
  409. This treaty was designed to restrict the amount of trading ships and trading amounts.
  410. This treaty, coupled with the Bunin (a pass issued by the So clan to enter the Korean Dynasties) system, effectively enabled the head family of the So clan to control trading among the powers within Tsushima island, strengthening territorial rule by the So clan.
  411. This tree was designated and registered as a natural treasure of Kyoto City on May 1, 1987.
  412. This trend accelerated during the period of Emperor Gotoba, who loved art and literature, in the Kamakura period.
  413. This trend became particularly noticeable since around 1997 when Kinnosuke YOROZUYA, who had made a major contribution as a jidaigeki actor of his generation, passed away.
  414. This trend can be linked to prohibition of the use of the 'gongen' title and there are also indications that it is partially due to the anti-Buddhist movement, but it is far more likely to be a result of the streamlining that arose as a result of the status of shrines as nationally managed institutions.
  415. This trend continued in the Meiji period and "Bankoku Koho" was adopted at the time when Gakusei (the Education System Order) was proclaimed in 1872.
  416. This trend continued until the 1970s when real wine was rather called 'budoshu' (grape liquor) and considered as hobby, and some wine lovers imported European wine to satisfy their tastes.
  417. This trend influenced and established the use of Worcester sauce on fried dishes, which led to a dish named issen yoshoku, which used Worcester sauce and was later developed into okonomiyaki (savory pancake with various ingredients).
  418. This trend is considered to have spread not only among merchants but also among the Imperial Court, bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) and common people.
  419. This trend is especially true in his jiuta, which is extremely unusual for shamisen music.
  420. This trend is not any more obvious than in the Taihei-ki (Japanese historical epic written in the late 14th century); although under the influence of Buddhism, it attributes the turmoil of the Northern and Southern Dynasties period to Onryo, which it believes, has the power to overturn society.
  421. This trend is subtle in the "Hannya-kyo Sutra," but some sutras, including the "Hokke-kyo Sutra" (the Lotus Sutra) and the "Nehan-gyo Sutra" (The Sutra of The Great Nirvana) stipulated it clearly.
  422. This trend led to the epidemic of the goryoe (ritual ceremony to repose of spirits of a deceased person) in the ninth century.
  423. This trend resulted in the establishment of a systematic Ritsuryo code, and in 681, Emperor Tenmu issued an Imperial edict ordering enforcement of the Ritsuryo.
  424. This trend spread throughout Japan as the daimyo ryogokusei system (daimyo control over provinces) was introduced, and observed through bakuhan taisei (power structure of bakufu and daimyo domains) until hanseki hokan (surrender of the domain registers to the emperor) and chitsuroku shobun (abolish hereditary stipend) were carried out.
  425. This trend spread widely to local regions in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) in the sixteenth century, resulting in the creation of a national culture.
  426. This trend strengthened in the Heian period and when YOSHIMINE no Yasuyo (the prince of Emperor Kanmu) was given the kabane of YOSHIMINE no Ason in 802, the number of people who were from the Imperial Family or had the kabane of Mahito increased who wanted to be given the kabane of Ason.
  427. This trend was established in the whole society among Shugo daimyo, lords of the manor, leaders of the soson (a community consisting of peasants' self-governing associations), prominent merchants such as the doso (pawnbrokers and moneylenders), and even commoners.
  428. This trend was further spurred by the stronger crackdown by the newly-formed second Katsura Cabinet, and developed into the Taigyaku Jiken (case of high treason) or the Kotoku Incident in 1910.
  429. This trend was not the trend created by designers but a big movement in the early 90's to create fashion that would be more familiar with consumers, focusing on clothes to be worn by common people.
  430. This trend was passed down to his juniors, and similar works were created by Kengyo Ikuyama and Kengyo Yoshizawa.
  431. This triggered Noriuji ISSHIKI to attack Yorinao SHONI, but Takemitsu KIKUCHI, who was asked to support Noriuji, won a great victory over the Isshiki forces in the Battle of Harisurubaru (Dazaifu City, Fukuoka Prefecture).
  432. This triggered Tsunekiyo to belong to the Abe clan's camp and prolonged the Zenkunen War (the Early Nine Years' War).
  433. This triggered a controversy with the Tendai sect.
  434. This triggered a violent clash, and the shogun's palace was burned down.
  435. This triggered an official announcement of several decrees starting with the 'Chokyu Decree Restricting the Expansion of Private Estates' to organize shoen.
  436. This triggered people to dream about becoming an entertainer and produced a trend of free love, along with the hit single sung by Sumako, 'Inochi mijikashi, Koiseyo otome' (Life is short, fall in love girls) (Gondora no uta).
  437. This triggered the advancement of Kikugoro ONOE V to became one of the greatest actors of the Meiji period.
  438. This triggered the conflict between Yoshiaki & Nobuyasu.
  439. This triggered the decline of the Imagawa family.
  440. This triggered the designation of 34 varieties of such vegetables as 'Kyo no Dento Yasai' in 1987 by the Kyoto Prefectural Government.
  441. This triggered the incident.
  442. This triggered the subsequent revival of Kamigata rakugo.
  443. This triggered the transformation of small-hold land-owning farmers into tenant farmers and their massive departure from their villages.
  444. This trip, as well as her stay in Kamakura, are noted in 'Izayoi Nikki' (The Diary of the Sixteenth Night).
  445. This troop joined the Kanrei (shogunal deputy) Takakuni HOSOKAWA, and advanced into the capital on November 16.
  446. This troop, led by MURAKUNI no Oyori, won battle after battle since July 7, and reached Seta on 22nd of the month.
  447. This trouble occurred because Masatomo, who was the mokudai (deputy) for Owari Province, the chigyokoku (fiefdom) of Narichika, used violence against a jinnin (low-ranked Shinto priest or worker subordinated to a Shinto shrine) of Hiranosho Manor, Mino Province, which was owned by Enryaku-ji Temple.
  448. This true north does not mean a simple coincidence, because it is thought that in the Yamato Dynasty there was probably a custom of burying the deceased with his or her head pointing to true north.
  449. This tsugime-ando came to be carried out at each shogunal succession from the eighth shogun Yoshimune TOKUGAWA and thereafter.
  450. This tsuka gashira is called Sanyokanto, and it seems to have been replaced right before burial.
  451. This tumulus can be considered as the mausoleum of an emperor and there is no question as to whether the owner of that tomb actually existed.
  452. This tumulus cluster is located in the south of Yanagimoto-kofun Tumulus Cluster and spread over the west foot of Mt. Miwa.
  453. This tumulus has 242m in its length, while its precise circular shaped rear-end in three steps has the diameter in 158m and the height in 23m.
  454. This tumulus is a 207-meter long Ekagami-shiki tumulus (hand mirror-type keyhole-shaped mound) with the hand mirror-shaped front square part located on the left bank of the Hase-gawa River abutting on the Iware region.
  455. This tumulus is also known as 'Sannozuka' as it is located in the area called "Sanno" (mountain king) with a level ground.
  456. This tumulus is characteristic in having a horizontal stone chamber with ryosode-style (a stone chamber with the passage connected the center of the burial chamber wall) and with an extremely high ceiling for the burial space.
  457. This tumulus is considered having been constructed in the later half of the fourth century, slightly later than the Andonyama tumulus, now designated as the mausoleum of Emperor Suijin.
  458. This tumulus is constructed in a unique style, combining a rectilinear soil embankment in 17m (east side) by 24m (west side) with the height of 4.1m, and a circular shaped upper volume with the diameter in 10m with the height of 2.5m.
  459. This tumulus is designated by The Imperial Household Agency as the mausoleum of Emperor Keiko (also called "Yamanobe no michi no e no Misasagi" [literally, a mausoleum along the Yamanobe road]).
  460. This tumulus is estimated from the excavated Haniwa (unglazed terra-cotta cylinders and hollow sculptures arranged on and around the kofun [the mounded tombs]) to have been constructed approximately at the beginning of the fourth century.
  461. This tumulus is located overlapping on this highland settlements sites and it was constructed about 150 to 200 years after the sites had finished its functions.
  462. This tumulus is under the control of the Imperial Household Agency, thus a general public including the archaeological scholars are not allowed to enter the site without permission from the agency.
  463. This tumulus lies to the right side of the Kizu-gawa River, one of the tributary rivers of the Yodo-gawa River.
  464. This tumulus was constructed at the foot of Ryuo-zan Mountain by utilizing the tip of a mountain slope, by facing its rectangular frontage side in north-west direction toward the level ground.
  465. This tumulus was constructed later than the Hashihaka tumulus.
  466. This tumulus was not known in the academic world for some time after the World War II.
  467. This tunnel has a double-track cross section on the Nishiotsu side and a deformed tunnel of three single tracks on the Yamashina side.
  468. This tunnel has a short operation history as it was opened for traffic in September, 2001.
  469. This tunnel houses a spacious two-lane road.
  470. This tunnel houses a two-lane road illuminated with many lights.
  471. This tunnel is the second longest tunnel among those tunnels of the Maizuru-Wakasa Expressway, next to the Tanba Daiichi Tunnel (2,361m) located in Hyogo Prefecture.
  472. This tunnel passed completely through to the other side as of the end of February 2008, and afterwards, operations including the pavement work have been on going.
  473. This turned out to be a foreshadowing of the Shishigatani Incident.
  474. This turned the tide of the conflict, resulting in FUJIWARA no Tsunekiyo being captured and beheaded, Sadato dying after being stabbed by a spear, and Abe clan being defeated at Kuriyagawa no Saku (Tenshoji-machi, Morioka City, Iwate Prefecture).
  475. This turns back in the middle of the Yawata Tanabe Route.
  476. This two dimensional plan was basically adopted from the Heijo-kyo and copied the Changan of Chinese Sui/Tang dynasties.
  477. This two-faced haniwa had mizura (a hair style with the hair parted down the center and each side, left and right, tied in a figure 8), which was common among the hanima of nobility.
  478. This two-story house is built in kirizuma (an architectural style with a gabled roof) and hongawarabuki (a style of tile roofing in which round and square tiles are laid down alternately) styles, which displays the characteristics of a private residence of people in the upper class in the end of the Edo period.
  479. This type board was the same as that used on express trains set up in later years, which arrived at and departed from Kuzuha Station (however, the stops of those express trains are the same as for the express trains that run through the entire line).
  480. This type can be seen frequently in samurai style buildings and castle construction (tenshu (main keep or tower of a castle)).
  481. This type contains fillings such as fresh cream, custard cream or chocolate cream instead of azuki bean paste, and also jam or chopped fruit and resembles waffles.
  482. This type had been constructed since the mid 7th century until the beginning of the 8 century.
  483. This type has no side slope, so it is not easy to dig up the root crops.
  484. This type includes Tenshu which were given such attachments as affecting the image of their appearance.
  485. This type includes deities who were originally Haishin and later became Shushin.
  486. This type is believed to have arisen since each house was separated by an iron door (front door) and interactions with neighbors decreased.
  487. This type is made from ceramics in the form of a pot, and is provided with a handle on the rear side of the body.
  488. This type is made from metal.
  489. This type is not classified strictly and so some Tenshu are classified into Imitation Tenshu, such as Fushimi Momoyama-jo Castle.
  490. This type is operated during the daytime on weekdays and the entire day on Saturdays and holidays, when the K-Ltd. Express isn't operated.
  491. This type is the most common.
  492. This type is used less for 'Coffee' and is mainly for 'Coffee beverages' (In rare cases, for 'Coffee-containing soft drink').
  493. This type of 'bushidan' was 'a militarily ruled society that was centralized around estate owners supporting medieval feudal society, centrally formed on a master and servant hierarchical relationship.'
  494. This type of 'noshiika' is unquestionably made from squid and is often sold as a Hokkaido specialty, but in reality appears to be produced in various parts of Japan.
  495. This type of T-jitai becomes a shape like Mokko fundoshi (literally, earth-basket loincloth), because after putting on in the same way as Ecchu fundoshi over the gauze or pad that protects the diseased part, the parts of the maedare which is split into two will be wound around to the strings on the both sides.
  496. This type of actor is called a 'Noh kyogenkata' (actors who perform lighthearted mini-plays that are often staged between the more serious noh pieces).
  497. This type of armor were mainly spread among the superior warriors on horses from the Heian to Kamakura Period.
  498. This type of chaire is dilated, and considered old-fashioned.
  499. This type of chaire, with its shoulder dilated, looks more robust than Nasu.
  500. This type of chigo can be seen most.
  501. This type of chirashizushi is also called seafood bowl (kaisen-don) when served in a donburi bowl.
  502. This type of chirashizushi is decoratively topped with nigirizushi's main ingredients (seafood slices, etc) in the center and various other ingredients on cooked rice flavored with slightly sweetened vinegar.
  503. This type of chozubachi is created by plaining out the surface of a long natural stone and then hollowing it out to make a hole to hold water.
  504. This type of crossing is unusual for such a busy area of the city.
  505. This type of designs appeared in around the third or fourth century.
  506. This type of dohyo was called sanju-roppyo (literally 36 bales) because the inner circle includes 16 bales and the outer circle includes 20 bales.
  507. This type of dwelling continued to be used until the Heian period in Japan north of Kanto and Chubu regions, but was gradually replaced by "hottate-bashira" type structures that were elevated above ground by posts in Kinki region starting in Asuka period, except in the Tokai region where the older type remained in parts.
  508. This type of dwelling is quadrilateral-shaped measuring roughly 5 by 4 meters, with a stepped entrance on the south side leading inside that is 80 cm in depth and a fireplace located inside.
  509. This type of dwelling was seen in Europe from the Paleolithic era.
  510. This type of fan was indispensable for coming-of-age ceremony for court nobles, so many of them were found among articles left by the deceased, and some inferior goods were found probably because they were used by pageboys.
  511. This type of fan was used by crown princes.
  512. This type of festival is seen in various areas across the country including the Sanno-Matsuri Festival at Hiyoshi-taisha Shrine in Shiba Prefecture, Gion-Matsuri Festival at Yasaka-jinja Shrine in Kyoto Prefecture, Sanja-Matsuri Festival at Asakusa-jinja Shrine and Torigoe Shrine-Matsuri Festival at Torigoe-jinja Shrine in Tokyo Prefecture.
  513. This type of food can be found in regions all over the world that have long histories of producing and consuming livestock products.
  514. This type of gate is known as a 'Koraimon.'
  515. This type of gate is known as a 'Yakuimon.'
  516. This type of gun was state-of-the-art at the time, but it did not make a significant impact as it was hard for the bakufu to get the bullets specific to the rifles.
  517. This type of hojicha is available in markets as kuki-hojicha leaves or bo-hojicha leaves, but they essentially mean the same thing.
  518. This type of hot spring is believed to be effective for various diseases, including skin diseases, women's diseases and injuries.
  519. This type of imperative form with "-ro" was used in Ancient Japanese of the 8th century, especially in the eastern Japan in ancient times, but now it has become the standard in Modern Japanese.
  520. This type of kakejiku has three parts; the top (called 'ten,' heaven), the middle (called 'cyumawashi') and the bottom (called 'chi,' earth).
  521. This type of kamaboko is common in the Kansai region.
  522. This type of kamaboko is eaten in the south Iyo region around Yawatahama City.
  523. This type of kamaboko is the one that is molded in the form of 'tai' (sea bream) or 'mizuhiki' (ornamental strings) and so on.
  524. This type of kamoboko is made by rolling the fish-meat paste in the form of a sheet like a 'dasimaki-tamago' (soup-flavored rolled egg), but the one with a wooden board is very rare.
  525. This type of katsudon is so popular in Kunneppu-cho that the people from this town find tamagotoji katsudon which is more common outside the town very peculiar.
  526. This type of machine form has been passed down from the age of farm horses before the development of farm machines.
  527. This type of machiya includes a low second-story ceiling and a Mushiko-mado (a type of window containing a lattice of mushiko goshi).
  528. This type of matchlock was invented in Southern Europe in the 16th century, but the firing mechanism which makes a match strike the flashpan by means of a spring action to the flintlock which produces a spark by striking steel with a flint, and was used only for a short period.
  529. This type of mausoleums was adopted for mausoleums of the imperial family, such as the Fushimi Momoyama Mausoleum of Emperor Meiji, the Musashi Mausoleum of Emperor Taisho, and the Musashino Mausoleum of Emperor Showa.
  530. This type of paper is also regarded as kaishi in a broad sense.
  531. This type of product is used by maiko or geiko and they are high-priced art objects since they are fine works of silver or platinum with jade, amber or cloisonne ware attached.
  532. This type of product is used by teenage girls.
  533. This type of product is used for young maiko's hairstyle called 'wareshinobu,' with two projections of their body supporting the mage.
  534. This type of product was inserted into the hair somewhere near the left temple.
  535. This type of product was used by young women as well as young yujo.
  536. This type of rifle was used both by the bakufu and the imperial forces as the accuracy of fire was high.
  537. This type of rotatable-flap display is still used only at Katsura Station among the stations of the Hankyu Railway that still use rotatable-flap displays.)
  538. This type of round dwelling is widely distributed in the south Korean Peninsula during the same time period.
  539. This type of sekkyo is called 'sekkyoza' (which literally means "sitting sekkyo"), while the outside performances are called 'utasekkyo' (which literally means "singing sekkyo") or 'kadozekkyo.'
  540. This type of setsuyoshu is called 'Indobon.'
  541. This type of setsuyoshu is called 'Inuibon.'
  542. This type of setsuyoshu is called 'Nigyo setsuyoshu' (in Shinsonigyo style) or 'Nitai setsuyoshu' (in Shinsonitai style).
  543. This type of setsuyoshu, in which the first entry is 'Ise,' is called 'Isebon.'
  544. This type of shift happens once in several years although it does not cause great confusion, except in January where the Chinese new year may shift, as it is resolved on the first day of the next month (in the old calendar).
  545. This type of shoji is still being used nowadays.
  546. This type of song, however, is not usually included in 'enka,' but is called 'hayari uta' (rage song).
  547. This type of steward system is known as "full-time (or live-in) steward" system ("kyo jito" in Japanese).
  548. This type of sushi is also called barazushi (Osaka and its vicinity) and barachirashi (mainly outside the Kanto area).
  549. This type of sushi is called 'gunkan-maki' (literally, warship roll) and is said to have been invented in 1941 by 'Kyubey' a sushi shop in Ginza.
  550. This type of sushi is different from the quintessential nigiri-zushi that are made on the feeling of oneness generated between a sharidama and a topping by pressing them by hand.
  551. This type of swordplay, in which both parties fight, without shields, holding swords of over 60cm in length with both hands, is seldom seen in countries other than Japan, with the exception of the swordplay called Two-handed swords in the medieval age of Germany.
  552. This type of system was rarely seen in the Chinese history but the ancient Japan adopted it as its model.
  553. This type of tato was called 'tato fumyo' (cultivator/tax manager).
  554. This type of technique is called yuri (or agoyuri).
  555. This type of the bowl, which became popular among salaried workers, began to be called "tsuyudaku."
  556. This type of ticket checker is installed at the transfer gates to the Kintetsu Railway line at Tsuruhashi Station, as well as at the transfer gate to the Nankai Electric Railway Line at Mikunigaoka Station.
  557. This type of torii does not have the shimagi below the kasagi; instead, its columns consist of unsquared logs, which are vertically erected.
  558. This type of trails was called Metsuke-tachiai-ginmi.
  559. This type of train is operated during the morning and evening rush hours and at night.
  560. This type of train is referred to as a regional rapid train on the timetable at a station.
  561. This type of train stops at all stations and is operated all day.
  562. This type of waka can be found in "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters), "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan), and "Manyoshu" (The oldest anthology of tanka).
  563. This type of world view has existed until the recent years, and omagatoki (twilight hour) and ushimitsudoki (the dead of night, around 3:00 A.M. to 3:30 A.M.) were considered to mark the border of tokoyo (eternal night).
  564. This type of yagura also includes drum turrets built for yosedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance is about to begin) and hanedaiko (drum beating made on the performance day which announces that the performance has ended) at a sumo performance.
  565. This type of yamakasa can be often seen in the northern part of Saga Prefecture.
  566. This type of yamakasa can often be seen in Chikuho region.
  567. This type of yamakasa is made to be viewed mainly from the front and the rear sides.
  568. This type of yamakasa is often moved in such a way as to avoid vertical vibration as much as possible.
  569. This type was contrived by Shigenari/Shigeteru FURUTA, an expert in tea ceremony during the Edo period, and is used to light tsukubai (a stone washbasin).
  570. This type was operated during the morning rush hours and in the evenings or later on weekdays, and until March 2007, when the timetable was revised, this was the train that made the fewest stops among all types.
  571. This type was purely a domestic product designed by Japanese and 46 of them in total were manufactured at Kisha Kaisha and Kawasaki Zosen shipyard.
  572. This type were usually reconstructed in the reinforced concrete structure, but some were in the wooden construction, such as Kakegawa-jo Castle.
  573. This type were usually reconstructed in the reinforced concrete structure, but some were in the wooden construction, such as the Imitation Tenshu of Iga Ueno-jo Castle, Gujo Hachiman-jo Castle, and Aya-jo Castle.
  574. This type would stop at Katsura Station in addition to the Commuter Limited Express stops as of March 2001 or before.
  575. This typical Momoyama period garden was the front garden of Kita no Mandokoro's Kesho Goten Palace that was also relocated from Fushimi-jo Castle.
  576. This umbrella is thought to protect Chion-in Temple from fires and is said to have been placed between the front eaves of the Miei-do by master craftsman Jingoro HIDARI to ward off evil spirits or left by the white fox form of Nuregami-Doji.
  577. This unclear distinction between a capital and a secondary capital is a character of multi-capiital system in Japan.
  578. This underground passage, the first to be completed in the Kansai region, is designated as a Civil Engineering Heritage; over the exit of the passage there is a frame for the characters '天人併其功' ("Tenjin sono ko wo awasu").
  579. This underground shopping area is different from large-scale facilities such as CRYSTA Nagahori in Osaka, to which more than one station is connected.
  580. This unique Japanese official rank system was called Kani Sotosei.
  581. This unique brewing method for sake, called parallel multi-stage fermentation, is the factor that makes it possible for it to have a higher alcohol content than other brewages.
  582. This unique manner of eating in Japan is unusual in the world, even in the same cultural area where people use chopsticks for eating, such as China, Korea, and other South East Asian countries, where people recuse themselves from holding a plate to eat something because they think such manners are similar to what homeless people do on the street.
  583. This university grew to be a prestigious institution representing China along with Peking University and is even now reputed to be at the top in the field of science.
  584. This university is participating in the Kyoto Community Museum "Historic Corridor" Project.
  585. This unjust Imperial decree is due to the slanders of disloyal retainers.
  586. This unmasked face of a noh performer is called the "hitamen" (lit. direct mask) and, as the name suggests, the performer acts using his own face as a noh mask.
  587. This unprecedented political involvement by the Imperial Court hardened the bakufu's stance, and Naosuke ordered the Mito Domain to refuse the secret imperial decree.
  588. This upset some vassals and a compact covenant under joint signatures of 66 warlords including Yoshimura MIURA and Yoshimori WADA asking for Kagetoki's removal was handed to Yoriie.
  589. This usage of koshi-yarido makes it possible to ensure daylight and airflow as well as functioning as a partition.
  590. This use of military force to attack opposing sects and temples and to influence the Imperial Court became another source of social unrest.
  591. This use of suikan probably influenced their use by a women who play Shirabyoshi (Japanese traditional dance).
  592. This used to be done, not in shrines, but in village communities or the main branches of families all over the country; however, most of these ceremonies are no longer performed, and only those performed as shrine rituals remain.
  593. This uselessness of the navy was one of the reasons that China suffered a crushing defeat during the Opium War.
  594. This utensil is a tool to steep Gyokuro (refined green tea leaves) which is unique to Japan.
  595. This vaccine was propagated, which enabled Shutosho to be opened in many places in Kanto, Tohoku and Kansai areas.
  596. This vajra is called warigokosho (five-blade split vajra).
  597. This value was widely changed by the modernization and policy of increasing wealth and military power by Meiji Government.
  598. This variant version is similar to the description in "Kojiki."
  599. This variation of rice omelet was the brainchild of Juzo ITAMI and was developed by Taimeiken, the old establishment of yoshokuya (restaurants serving Western food) in Nihonbashi, Tokyo (Chuo Ward, Tokyo).
  600. This variation was a result of negotiation between tato fumyo and the then-current kokushi (provincial governors).
  601. This variety has high seed setting and is regarded as providing high quality tea as sencha (middle grade green tea).
  602. This variety is a late variety and the tree thereof stands upright and, in the tree vigor, a leaf has an oblong shape and is deep green and, the tree is especially resistant to cold climate, has dense buds, and provides intermediate production.
  603. This variety was grown in the Branch Station for Tea Industry of the Nara Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station.
  604. This variety was registered in 1953 as 'cha: Norin No. 10'.
  605. This vehicle is also used as the overnight 'Dream-go' (highway) bus.
  606. This vehicle is shown in the side picture.
  607. This vehicle was going to be dismantled in August 1998, which was when the Poppo Land opened.
  608. This verified the Yamato sovereignties establishment, to some degree, of the system of Uji (氏) and Kabane (姓).
  609. This verse is considered to reflect the people's resentment that being drafted forcedly was the same with being imprisoned.
  610. This verse is contained in Zoku-Gunsho Ruiju (The Library of Historical Documents, Continued).
  611. This verse is known as a prophecy, where it is predicted that the imperial reign would count 100 emperors, and according today's study, the Emperor Go-Komatsu is considered to be the 100th emperor.
  612. This verse sounds in Japanese like the verse "Toki now knows heaven governs our land, in May," and so, some theory says that the verse was intended to mean Mitsuhide, from Toki, would lead the whole land.
  613. This verse was composed at cherry-blossom viewing which took place three months prior to his death.
  614. This version is called sometimes Lawrence version.
  615. This vertical type rice-milling machine is required to produce polished rice with high rice polishing ratios to be used for sake brewing.
  616. This very big pond was created as an irrigation reservoir in the early Heian period by stemming the flow of the Takatori-gawa River through the embankment.
  617. This victory cleared a way for Ujimasa to extend its power to Kazusa Province.
  618. This victory owes a lot to Yoshitsune who guided the troops and it is said that Yoshitsune gave him the name 'Yoshihisa,' which had a part of his own name, as a prize for the big role he played in the battle.
  619. This view advocates that Yoshiaki ASHIKAGA who had hard feelings against Nobunaga who had expelled him and ruined the Muromachi bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun), tempted Mitsuhide in order to regain Yoshiaki's power.
  620. This view has been advocated centering around Professor Tatsuo FUJITA of the Mie University.
  621. This view is considered to be more likely.
  622. This view is in agreement with an opinion by Shigeru MATSUBARA, who identified the handwriting written in "Heiji Monogatari Ekotoba" (illustrated stories of the Heiji Rebellion) with that of FUJIWARA no Noriie in his later years, between 1249 and 1255.
  623. This view may have been derived and developed from Hogen Monogatari and Tale of the Heike, which believe that the turmoil in the society like Gempei kassen (battles between the Heishi clan and Minamoto clan) were caused by the onryo of Sutokuin.
  624. This view still persists today.
  625. This view surmises that because Suwa goryonin became the mother of Katsuyori, the last family head of the Takeda family, in order to romanticize and put emphasis on the relation between Shingen and Suwa goryonin, Sanjo fujin came to be described as a bad wife (rule of unfair diminishing).
  626. This view surmises that the cause of the Honnoji Incident was to avoid conquest of Shikoku planned by Nobunaga.
  627. This view was advocated by Kyoko TACHIBANA assuming that the Society of Jesus intended to realize political power change in Japan.
  628. This view was different from that of the Japanese government which stood on recognition of having took over the treaty of the shogunate era.
  629. This view was established by Kodan-shi (professional storytellers) who, critical of the clan-dominated political system and empathizing with the Freedom and People's Rights Movement, started telling Denzaburo's biography right after the case.
  630. This view was insisted by Mitsutoshi TAKAYANAGI etc. immediately after the War and Takayanagi and his supporters have been advocating for a long time.
  631. This view, however, is not credible because natsume firstly appeared in Chakai-ki (The Record of Tea Ceremonies) only after the death of Joo TAKENO.
  632. This viewpoint is called "Tariki Hongan," which means salvation through the benevolence of Amida Butsu.
  633. This villa hosts the Yasujiro OZU Commemorative Tateshina Kogen Movie Festival each year.
  634. This villa is composed of buildings constructed by incorporating advanced the technique of Sukiya-zukuri based upon the design of Sutejiro KITAMURA and so on, and a beautiful garden which was designed by Jihei OGAWA, a pioneering engineer of modern Japanese gardens.
  635. This village gained town status to become Yamashinacho Town in 1926, and was integrated into Higashiyama Ward five years later, in 1931.
  636. This violates Article 52 of the Radio Act (Law No. 131 came into effect on May 2, in 1945), 'use for purposes other than allowed purposes' and some radio hams complain about this act.
  637. This virtually indicated that Shingen clarified that he had chosen Katsuyori as his successor.
  638. This virtually marked the end of the Edo Shogunate which lasted for over 260 years.
  639. This visit to the shrine was publicized widely, being used for enhancing the prestige of the bakufu.
  640. This vivid blue is derived from the indigo plant and called in Europe and America "Japan Blue" or "Hiroshige Blue" comparing it to Vermeer Blue (lapis lazuli).
  641. This volume also includes disciples of Gyozan.
  642. This volume asserts the legitimacy of Hideyoshi's position as regent.
  643. This volume contains lots of suspicious descriptions such as a grandfather of Hideyoshi was the nobility called Hagi Chunagon (vice-councilor of state) and Hideyoshi's mother worked at the Imperial Court; for this reason, historians of later generations put less importance on this volume.
  644. This volume describes the Battle of shizugatake and circumstances before and after the battle, Hideyoshi's construction of Osaka-jo Castle, etc.
  645. This volume describes the period from the Honnoji Incident to the Nobunaga's funeral.
  646. This volume has been lost.
  647. This volume is a record of the day July 2, 1589 when Hideyoshi presented gold and silver to feudal lords.
  648. This volume is a record of the five days from May 9, 1588 when Emperor Goyozei visited Hideyoshi's palace Jurakudai (also known as Jurakutei).
  649. This volume is also a supplement of the third volume.
  650. This volume mainly describes the Siege of Miki.
  651. This volume was completed in 1582.
  652. This volume was completed in 1583.
  653. This volume was completed in 1585.
  654. This volume was completed in 1588.
  655. This vow was written for Jingo-ji Temple by Tadayoshi ASHIKAGA, and it described that he (Tadayoshi) enshrines the figures of Shogun (Takauji ASHIKAGA) and himself in Jingo-ji Temple to make a Buddhist connection.
  656. This waka is the first appearance of a combination of "maple leaf and deer."
  657. This waka was made when the Emperor, who came to know that a guy secretly had an affair with his daughter, the imperial princess who had served as Saigu at Ise-jingu Shrine, prevented him from seeing her again by guarding her with more of her aides.
  658. This wall painting show the only figures that depict people during the Asuka period.
  659. This war ended as a victory of the Hosokawa clan as seen in the decline of the Yamana clan and retreat of the west squad including the Ouchi clan from Kyoto.
  660. This war ended in with the accession of Queen Himiko, who lived in Yamatai-Koku (Yamatai Kingdom, 邪馬臺國・邪馬壹國; see also Yamatai-koku).
  661. This war is also famous for the fact that Yoshitaka KURODA was imprisoned for approximately one year.
  662. This war is thought to be the 'civil war in Wa' referred to in a Chinese history book.
  663. This war made the Bakufu believe that Christianity might shake the feudal system that was characteristic of the shogunate.
  664. This war resembles the Battle of Okehazama in terms of its scale and process, and it is said that Nobunaga ODA developed a strategy for the Battle of Okehazama by referring to this war.
  665. This war to conquer Taiwa ended leaving 164Japanese war deaths and 4,642 deaths, including Imperial Prince Kitashirakawanomiya Yoshihisa, caused by diseases like malaria, out of 50,000 solders in motion, while about 14,000 Chinese solders and local people died.
  666. This war undermined the authority of Kofuku-ji Temple and strengthened the rule of Yoshinori but, as early as in 1440, the army of bakufu was forced to go back into battle to subdue the Ochi clan who made a move connected with Yuki War.
  667. This ward, originally a part of Ukyo Ward, was established when the area of the right bank of the Katsura-gawa River was separated in 1976.
  668. This warehouse structure is often used for yagura whose lumber for wall material is triangle structure, and later days, azekura and yagura were mixed up and the yagura structure warehouse is especially called azekura-zukuri style.
  669. This warehouse style continues throughout the Yayoi period without much change.
  670. This warehouse was called "shoso," and a fenced-off area containing a shoso was called "shosoin."
  671. This was 'Kyoto Hosei School.'
  672. This was 'the Incident of the Hoko-ji Temple Bell in Osaka no Eki (The Siege of Osaka),' which developed into a conflict between the Toyotomi and the Tokugawa families.
  673. This was Geta further developed from Uma-geta, and was categorized as Hiyori-geta available on fine days as well as on rainy days.
  674. This was Geta put on by a main character in "Sukeroku," one of Kabuki juhachiban (eighteen best plays of the Ichikawa family of kabuki actors).
  675. This was Hiyori-geta of which the surface was covered by a tatami mat.
  676. This was Hojuji-dono Palace.
  677. This was Injin (the mystagogy certificate a Buddhist priest awards his follower) for denpo (the teachings of Buddhism).
  678. This was Katanashi.
  679. This was Motonari's first battle and would determine the destiny of the Mori family.
  680. This was Ninjindai Oko Chogin, and the term 'oko' meant return.
  681. This was Nochi no Asuka no Okamoto no Miya.
  682. This was Ogura-ike Pond of those days.
  683. This was Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system) which was not regulated in the Ritsuryo codes for both Tang and Japan.
  684. This was Ryoge no kan (class outside of the Ritsuryo system).
  685. This was Tenmon misso.
  686. This was Yamada's second period drama following "Un Ga Yokerya" (If You Are Lucky), and the first Fujisawa novel to be made into a movie.
  687. This was Yoshitsune's famous hassotobi.
  688. This was a big project by the scholars of the Japanese classics in the Meiji period.
  689. This was a big source of profit for onsen-ryokan.
  690. This was a breakthrough because it meant that bushi may be given political power during emergency.
  691. This was a breech-loading needle-gun made in the Kingdom of Prussia.
  692. This was a breech-loading rifle made in France.
  693. This was a breech-loading rifle made in the US.
  694. This was a breech-loading rifle made of steel.
  695. This was a cause of the Hogen War (the war in the Hogen era).
  696. This was a ceremony that displayed the awesome authority of the Soga clan.
  697. This was a change of the bakufu's fundamental system since its establishment, which meant the bakufu to be losing its authority.
  698. This was a characteristic that continued from the Utaawase of Gotoba mentioned earlier.
  699. This was a collection of haiku compiled by Seigetsu who selected hokku made by various haiku poets.
  700. This was a collection which contained some poems from the 11th volume of Manyoshu, but as with "Hitomaroshu" (the collection of KAKINOMOTO no Hitomaro) and "Yakamochishu" (the Collected Works of OTOMO no Yakamochi), it hardly included any works by Akahito of the Manyo period.
  701. This was a competition between men and women, and it is said that losers entertained winners with sake.
  702. This was a competition where sarugaku and dengaku troupes compete with each other over their skills and advances in 'Tachiai Noh' directly linked with the secular success of a troupe in question.
  703. This was a compromise that had large benefits to both sides.
  704. This was a continuation of the Kamakura period's Tokuso autocracy.
  705. This was a crucial aspect of Mizoguchi's direction known for the use of many long shots.
  706. This was a dish of fish and shellfish, including sea bream, and vegetables, all boiled in miso soup (soup made from fermented soybean paste) in a box made of sugi material (Japanese cedar).
  707. This was a distressing choice to make in order to avoid Yorinaga being implicated in criminal matters.
  708. This was a factor in the original equations and derivative polynomial having a common root, and it was an application of the previously mentioned elimination theory.
  709. This was a faithful recreation of gagaku melody and tune in orchestra with no creative intentions, and was performed frequently by the conductor, Leopold STOKOWSKY.
  710. This was a fictional set-up that a historical novelist Ryotaro SHIBA created in his book 'Shinsengumi Keppuroku' (Record of Shinsengumi Bloodshed), which led to the image of Soji OKITA's favorite sword as Kikuichimonji.
  711. This was a food dredged with red pepper and garlic and something similar to 'kimuchi' (rather than today's karashi-mentaiko).
  712. This was a form of punishment that would have been prohibited by Shinpei.
  713. This was a government office which was mainly in charge of constructions and collections of lumber, and controlled each workman.
  714. This was a government post given to the Tosho-ke (the hereditary lineage of Court nobles occupying relatively high ranks) whose uppermost rank available was determined to be Dainagon, such as the Urin family and some important noble families.
  715. This was a group of princes and marquis councilors.
  716. This was a hexagonal hall that housed the Daihannya-kyo (Great Perfection of Wisdom Sutra).
  717. This was a hog-backed big shelter which measured up to approximately 1.5 m in width and 10 m in length and was used as a storage for agricultural instruments after the war.
  718. This was a huge movie in which Taizan GOTO, Matsuo HASHIMOTO, Daisho HORIE and Jun SHIGEMASA joined as the directors, and Mitsusaburo RAMON, Komako HARA and Yukiko OGAWA as the cast.
  719. This was a kind of play on words linking 'Yumi-iru' (shooting a bow) and 'Yu-iru' (taking a bath).
  720. This was a last-ditch measure to realize both establishing the Emperor's authority and preventing the Emperor from directly engaging in the politics.
  721. This was a legal code (Bukeho (the law system for the samurai society and the military government)) called Goseibai-shikimoku (code of conduct for samurai) and was praised as a simple yet practical decree.
  722. This was a loss of face for the radical Tokyo faction and weakened their influence.
  723. This was a luxury article, but, fish dealers at the waterfront preferred to wear this.
  724. This was a masterpiece using Kinnosuke YOROZUYA, Toshiro MIFUNE and others, based on "Ryoma ga yuku" (Ryoma goes) by Ryotaro SHIBA.
  725. This was a matter of course because the newly-established Meiji government had no technology to produce them.
  726. This was a measure taken in the northeast of the country.
  727. This was a measure to prevent Kogon from ruling as Chiten in the future.
  728. This was a method to shorten the time of steaming rice for brewing sake from about one hour to about 20 minutes until rice became pregelatinized (starch gelatinization).
  729. This was a muzzle-loading rifle made in Britain.
  730. This was a muzzle-loading rifle made in France.
  731. This was a muzzle-loading rifle.
  732. This was a muzzle-loading, smooth-bore gun, using a different method of firing than match cord, with a Western style gunstock to be placed on a shoulder, as apposed to the Japanese style one which was held against the cheek.
  733. This was a part of his reconstruction plan of Kyoto, along with the construction of Jurakudai residence and Odoi (earth enclosure), and the transfer of temples to the area along the Teramachi-dori Street.
  734. This was a part of his sympathetic policies.
  735. This was a personal collection of poetry in the Heian Period, but it was also a narrative travel diary because it started with 30 poems on the journey to Kumano and ended with 50 poems of the diary in Totomi Province.
  736. This was a personnel feud that had arisen from Hideyoshi HASHIBA's promotion to Naidaijin (Inner Minister) in the same year, but, as a matter of fact, Hideyoshi was appointed as Kanpaku before those two people; this marked a turning point for the establishment of the Toyotomi administration.
  737. This was a picture book that was an illustrated reference book of yokai.
  738. This was a plan to carry out expulsion of foreigners.
  739. This was a post for noble family members and the common name for a person who was a tenjobito (a high-ranking courtier allowed into the Imperial Palace) at shii (the fourth rank) and assumed both posts of "Kurodo no to" (Head Chamberlain) and "Konoe no Chujo" (middle captain of the palace guards).
  740. This was a precursor to the modern educational system introduced by the Meiji Government.
  741. This was a predecessor of the current Gakushuin University, which was built by Emperor Meiji's order.
  742. This was a preparation for a fight with the Hojo clan that was supposed to occur at that time.
  743. This was a privilege reserved for only a select few disciples.
  744. This was a project for good deeds by Sung, and was given to neighboring countries such as Xi Xia, Goryeo and Japan.
  745. This was a project to publish a private edition through the dedication of believers, as opposed to publication as a national project like the Northern Sung dynasty edition or the Kitai edition.
  746. This was a rare case where Nagauta was used in "Sukeroku" performed by the Danjuro ICHIKAWA family, the head family of Kabuki.
  747. This was a record of when Jitsuei (実叡), a priest of the Kofuku-ji Temple, made a pilgrimage to famous temples and shrines in Yamato Province.
  748. This was a reflection of the government's special circumstances, a 'critical moment,' such as the cession of Hong Kong by Qing after the defeat of the First Opium War, and the opening of the country to the world (refer to Ansei Reform).
  749. This was a residential castle built to govern the Fukuchiyama Domain in the Edo period.
  750. This was a response to the Imperial Court's order to arrest Serizawa for his violent behavior.
  751. This was a role for which actors, not only Tanosuke SAWAMURA the third, but also Gennosuke SAWAMURA (the fourth) and Kunitaro KAWARASAKI (the fifth) from Zenshinza (the Zenshinza Company) gained a reputation.
  752. This was a sanction which was given to a person who violated the precepts of Buddhism, and there were various kinds of punishments ranging from the Tokira-zai Punishment, the lightest one to make a confession, and to the Harai-zai Punishment, the most serious one to be expelled from a religious group.
  753. This was a scheme by Tameyuki MISAWA, the head of MISAWA clan, who tried to contain the independent movements by his elder and younger sons.
  754. This was a secret art (penalty) allowed only for san bugyo (three magistrates), Kyoto shoshidai (The Kyoto deputy) and Osaka jodai (the keeper of Osaka Castle).
  755. This was a setback for Kofuku-ji Temple and Kasuga-taisha Shrine, and thereafter, Shinboku was moved at most to Byodo-in Temple.
  756. This was a severe punishment next to seppuku in samurai class.
  757. This was a sewamono (play dealing with the lives of ordinary people) story newly written by Shinshichi KAWATAKE for Kodanji ICHIKAWA (the fourth), who was Kawatake's sworn friend but was distressed due to the popularity of Shikan NAKAMURA (the fourth).
  758. This was a short bow which was also called koyumi, but it had a different form from those generally seen in Eurasia with a simple arc shape.
  759. This was a similar technique as Kanansansai used in Southern China.
  760. This was a simple product make of a mixture of dried ingredients, powered green tea, and powdered soup stock, which was put on rice before pouring hot water over it to make chazuke.
  761. This was a small-sized folded book to be placed in a pocket, in which the customs and manners necessary for the samurai serving the Edo bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) were compiled.
  762. This was a so-called cabinet system and various matters were decided by the agreement of the 'Gotairo.'
  763. This was a sort of brain drain from the viewpoint of the Nada district.
  764. This was a square enclosure with a gate or entrance and was placed in front of a Koguchi to double protection.
  765. This was a surprise for the Owari Domain.
  766. This was a surprising number in the House of Peers because large increasing in the number of seats through election was unlikely due to the presence of duke and marquis members whose positions were secured for life by heredity and members directly nominated by the Emperor.
  767. This was a surprisingly high evaluation considering the western view of Japan at that time.
  768. This was a suspense film that dealt with social problems and in which all scene were shot by using Deep focus, aiming to have a strong impact on the screen.
  769. This was a system where state-sponsored temples were ranked by the Imperial Court, which assigned chief priests and had them pray for the well-being of the Emperor and Imperial family, and granted the temples exemption from taxation.
  770. This was a tactful and calculating wit typical of Toshizo.
  771. This was a temporary tax imposed on specific regions (usually by provinces) to fund national events or construction of shrines and temples.
  772. This was a trade term described a style of sale by tekiya, but dictionaries define it as 'street prostitutes.'
  773. This was a tragic play that used an unique performance technique of Gidayu Kyogen of migawari (scapegoat) and modori (showing one's real good character after disguising it as a bad one).
  774. This was a tremendous project without any thought of problems such as its actual work situation, the financial circumstances, and so on.
  775. This was a unique characteristic of jidaigeki dramas, police dramas and superhero shows.
  776. This was a unique monetary system in world history.
  777. This was a very exceptional example of a woman being succeeded to Miyake (house of an imperial prince).
  778. This was a very important event for the kinsei ("early modern") daimyo in heading their vassals, and this is also one of the elements that distinguish the Kinsei daimyo from the Sengoku daimyo (Japanese territorial lord in the Sengoku period).
  779. This was a very rare situation in which an emperor was forced by Michinaga to accept two empresses.
  780. This was a year when China had three successive infant Emperors from the relatives due to the absence of heirs from direct line of the Cao family of the Wei Dynasty originating with Cao Cao.
  781. This was abolished in 825, the Nagato kokushi was restored and the jusenshi took over the minting of coins.
  782. This was actually a ruse.
  783. This was actually used as a title in Germany and other countries.
  784. This was added for crunchiness when eating ochazuke however later it was learned that it played a role as a drying agent to prevent ochazuke from becoming moist and it was accepted as the norm.
  785. This was added later because it is described in neither the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) nor the Nihonshoki (Chronicles of Japan).
  786. This was adopted in the education and learning of Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. Hiei (Tendai sect), and syncretized with Benzaiten (Sarasvati, Buddhist goddess of music, learning, eloquence, wealth, longevity, and protection from natural disasters), a god of Buddhism.
  787. This was against the agreement of sharing imperial succession as decided by the union of the Northern and Southern Courts in 1392, and subsequently the two sides often opposed each other in armed conflicts.
  788. This was aimed at preventing a dispute between vassals, because his heir Ujiteru had not yet come of age.
  789. This was almost the same as Yamageta, but was made of a cedar tree.
  790. This was already pointed out by Motoori NORINAGA and others during the Edo period.
  791. This was also a route for international exchanges, used, for example, by Kenbokkaishi (emissaries sent to Bo-Hai) during the Heian era.
  792. This was also a tactic to prevent the Taira family's army from entering into Kyoto via Tanba Route.
  793. This was also added resembling the tune of koto to sound like a unison, which is hardly called kokyu honkyoku (traditional Japanese music for kokyu).
  794. This was also an opportunity given to prisoners who used to fight against Yoritomo to serve him, if they followed to war and distinguished themselves in battle.
  795. This was also because consumers took no notice of the former good quality sake.
  796. This was also called 'kimari banzuke.'
  797. This was also called 'sekkyo-joruri' because it also gradually took on the character of joruri (dramatic narrative chanted to a samisen accompaniment), but it is commonly called sekkyo-bushi at present.
  798. This was also called a cipher.
  799. This was also called the Zundnadel gun.
  800. This was also clear declaration by the Imagawa clan that he was no longer the shugo daimyo who ruled his territory backed by the authority of the Muromachi bakufu, but the Sengoku daimyo who ruled his own territory with his own capability.
  801. This was also implicitly a denunciation of Hirobumi ITO, Kaoru INOUE (who supported Okuma), and Kido (who recommended Ito and Inoue).
  802. This was also meant to act as a restraint on the Qing, who acted according to the principle that Korea was a Qing vassal state.
  803. This was also not for practical use.
  804. This was also reinforced by the aforementioned success of 'The Big Four of Kamigata Rakugo.'
  805. This was also the first codified educational system in Japan.
  806. This was also the idea of Jotomonin, but Crown Prince Takahito and his birth mother, Imperial Princess Teishi were in conflict since the period of the former emperor, Gosuzaku, and even the entry of Imperial Princess Keishi into the court couldn't fill the gap between them.
  807. This was also the origin of so-okite.
  808. This was also the origins of the Nitta clan
  809. This was also the result of pursuing favoritism toward Chochu people together with Masatake TERAUCHI.
  810. This was also used a title for them.
  811. This was also written as 14 letters in each line.
  812. This was an act to remove Kegare which had attached to him in Yominokuni, and gave birth to a lot of Kami (god) during the course of Misogi.
  813. This was an adaptation of a story (Noh play) written by Monzaemon CHIKAMATSU, and it was performed by Chusha ICHIKAWA (the seventh).
  814. This was an ancient form of theater that began in the Heian Period (794 to 1185).
  815. This was an annual event in the Edo period.
  816. This was an area about 1.2 kilometers long running east to west, and 1.4 kilometer long in North to South, and it was provided with an administration institute and a national ceremony, facilitated yearly events, and it also had a Palace where the emperor lived.
  817. This was an assistance to the Enlightenment Party and a serious interference in internal affairs.
  818. This was an attempt to pursue the subject matter of renga in the social conditions, and to try to find humor in the combination of a traditional poetic form and something familiar.
  819. This was an elementary school song from 1912, when militarism was rife, that incorporates one of Yoshiie's tanka.
  820. This was an enormous shock for Naka no Kimi, who was invited by Nioumiya and lived in Nijoin in Kyoto then.
  821. This was an equal treaty that mutually authorized the exchange of envoys, the presence of the consular with restricted jurisdiction, opening of a port and commerce, and tariff rates based on an agreement.
  822. This was an era where it was believed that a soldier got stronger the more he was beaten.
  823. This was an everyday wear worn by young girls of noble class.
  824. This was an example of a member of the Imperial Family who abdicated and then returned and became the Emperor because there was no one to succeed the enthronement; it is said that the event of Emperor Uda's enthronement could have been set up by FUJIWARA no Yoshiko and Mototsune, although Imperial Prince Motoyoshi was still alive.
  825. This was an example that "Meiroku Zasshi" promoted local jinshi to join the Freedom and People's Rights Movement.
  826. This was an exception during this time, which may be proof that his outstanding talent attracted people's attention in those days.
  827. This was an exceptional promotion that placed him above those whose ranks were above him, such as FUJIWARA no Masanaga.
  828. This was an exceptional promotion that was due to SAIONJI owing a special favor to him.
  829. This was an extraordinary promotion that no one from one local ruling family could easily achieve, and Makibi also became the first scholar-turned minister in pre-modern history except SUGAWARA no Michizane.
  830. This was an important achievement of the sublime works of Osanobu, who contrasted the differences between Chinese style painting and Yamato-e painting, which was the aim of the founder of the Edo Kano school of painting, Tanyu KANO, as well as the project of the Kano school since the time of Motonobu KANO.
  831. This was an important technique of tax saving for the managements of both sides.
  832. This was an incident when Yoritomo was around twenty-nine years old.
  833. This was an inconvenient fact for the clan (family) eligible for regency, and although Jien did not deny the relevance of the fact, he accused the Emperor of ignorance and honored Michinaga, remaining faithful to the Emperor.
  834. This was an independent performance with a lineup of the seven kabuki actors Nizaemon, Ganjiro, Gado KATAOKA (jusandaime)(posthumously, conferred Nizaemon KATAOKA XIV), Mataichiro, Enjaku, Senjaku and Fukusuke NAKAMURA (Takasagoya V) and produced by Koichi YAMAGUCHI.
  835. This was an influence of Christianity.
  836. This was an internal conflict among the clan.
  837. This was an official recognition by the foreign governments of the new governmental army as an equal party, to then engage in battle against the Tokugawa family, which up to this time, was the official governmental entity for concluding treaties.
  838. This was an unbearable humiliation for her, being the daughter of a minister and the former Crown Prince's wife, and for this she bore a deep grudge against Lady Aoi.
  839. This was an unexpected event for Emperor Saga, and as a temporary measure, he appointed SAKANOUE no Tamuramaro, FUJIWARA no Fuyutsugu and KI no Taue as zogushi (palace construction officer).
  840. This was an unprecedented event.
  841. This was an unusual field fornication in then Japan as the river banks were cut to create steep escarpments and a stockade was erected on the triple mound.
  842. This was another name meaning the outside of the medical science, different from the current distinction of internal medicine and surgery.
  843. This was apparently a breach of the promises made to the Konoe family, but no one was allowed to oppose Hideyoshi's plan because he would yield the position to the Emperor's biological brother.
  844. This was apparently because he respected Nobunaga ODA who was once Kazusa no suke.
  845. This was approved on March 14, 1710.
  846. This was argued in the Tendai sect before, but today it is often discussed among the Nichiren and Hokke sects.
  847. This was arranged through the good offices of Tachibana who had become the senior managing director of Teikoku Kinema, received the aid of Shochiku capital and was the managing director of Shinko Kinema at the time.
  848. This was assumed from the following article.
  849. This was assumed the paper money was issued as currency of gold or sen unit as well as many clans in western Japan did after Meiji new government stopped the circulation of silver currency.
  850. This was assumed to exist from ancient Japan, and could be seen among the common people until the late Meiji period.
  851. This was based on paternalistic family system which was developed in Edo Period among samurai society.
  852. This was based on talks held with Zeami himself and is one of the most trustworthy fundamental resources.
  853. This was based on the description in the king system part of Raiki (Book of Rites), one of Gokyo (Five Classics), that "The salary and title in the king's system is commonly classified into five ranks including Ko (公), Ko (候), Haku, Shi, Dan."
  854. This was based on the feeling of Sengoku daimyo who avoided big sacrifices as much as possible.
  855. This was based on the manner Sakya-muni Buddha enlightened Shujo (all living things) in plain language using parables, and this manner was used in the sections of the Hoke-kyo Sutra in which the teachings were plainly expounded,.
  856. This was because 'Koya' in Terakoya sounded like 'shed' and 'Ya' sounded like a shop name and was considered unsuitable as a name for a place of education.
  857. This was because 'the Mori clan showed movements to go to assist Takamatsu-jo Castle with a large army.'
  858. This was because Christianity was called Yaso and hated by people in the countryside at that time and also people thought that Iguchi was converting students in class.
  859. This was because Dong Qichang in the end of Ming period wrote in his theory of paintings, "Gazenshitsu zuihitsu"that 'painting of Bunjin was initiated by WANG We,i' identifying WANG Wei, as the progenitor of literati paintings.
  860. This was because France was trying to expand its influence over the Far East at the time, by the Triple Intervention against Japan.
  861. This was because Harumoto and his senior vassal Masanaga MIYOSHI was his father's foe.
  862. This was because Japan started to gain self-pride as one of the world's powerful countries after winning the Sino-Japanese war.
  863. This was because Japan thought if the Korean Peninsula, which had acted as an intermediary for exchanges between Japan and the continent since ancient times, together with Ryukyu, was possessed by an adversarial country, it would catch hold of a strategically fatal weakness of Japan.
  864. This was because Kenshin normally did not eat much, but ate a significant amount before going into battle.
  865. This was because Meika could not agree with Sorai's educational policy and moreover, he judged that there would be nobody to inherit Soraigaku (study preached by Sorai) in kobunjigaku.
  866. This was because Motonari's political ideas and extraordinary will to keep the family name alive persisted in the family long after his death (as illustrated by Hiroie KIKKAWA's tact).
  867. This was because Nichizo, who tried to propagandize the Nichiren school of Buddhism in Kyoto, adopted the Sanjuban shin of Mount Hiei-zan for propagation.
  868. This was because Nobumitsu lived in the era of Onin War (1467-77, civil war in the Kyoto region began in the Onin period (1467-68) and was a prelude to a prolonged period of domestic strife (1490-1590)).
  869. This was because Nobunaga himself did not favor obeying other people's opinions.
  870. This was because Takagi anticipated the correlation between foods and beriberi, and supplied barley rice to soldiers.
  871. This was because Utaemon NAKAMURA (VI), who performed together as Omiwa, had acknowledged his performing capability and had strongly recommended telling 'Kamashichi by Narikoma-ya (Ganjiro) must be fantastic.'
  872. This was because Utaemon NAKAMURA postponed the renewal of cast members in December 1849 until the new year to help Edo-Ichimura-za Troupe which had financial difficulties.
  873. This was because Yoshinobu had no legitimate child.
  874. This was because Yoshisuke was a nephew of Yoshimitsu's lawful wife, Yasuko HINO, but being granted a part of the name of the superior meant an exceptional treatment at that time.
  875. This was because Yoshitaka who lost interest in government affairs left military affairs to Shugodai (deputy military governors), which enhanced collusion between them and local lords at their duty stations and military forces of Shugodai.
  876. This was because a private railway (company) Kansai Railway Company, which was the predecessor of Kansai Main Line, purchased the area and built a hotel managed by Miyako Hotel in Kyoto (currently, The Westin Miyako Kyoto).
  877. This was because a warrior usually started as a jo (a lieutenant, a third-class officer), and it was extremely unusual that he was appointed a suke (a captain, which was a second-class officer).
  878. This was because beef was once so expensive in those areas that people were less accustomed to eating it.
  879. This was because cultures had developed centering on libraries in China.
  880. This was because he and his daughter Oi (Oi KATSUSHIKA), who had divorced and lived with her father Hokusai, devoted themselves exclusively to painting, so that they moved whenever their rooms became dirty or in wild disarray.
  881. This was because he had deep love for his family.'
  882. This was because he intended to notify the region where the people were antipathetic to the Meiji government of the prestige of the new government and the beginning of a new era.
  883. This was because he lived in a place called Ochi in Yamato.
  884. This was because he took the side of the Western squad along with his oldest son, Yoshimasa, in the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, where he attacked Tanabe-jo Castle in Tango Province protected by Fujitaka HOSOKAWA (also known as Yusai HOSOKAWA) of the Eastern squad.
  885. This was because he was in Ishikawajima Prison for alleged assault on a police officer.
  886. This was because he was informed by then that Mitsunari had virtually supported Hideyori and Osaka-jo Castle (at the stage of the Oyama meeting, he was informed that Mitsunari started his forces independently), and he was afraid that the daimyo might rush to support Mitsunari.
  887. This was because his ancestors ruled Shibukawa-gun, Kawachi Province, but moved to Yasui-go, Harima Province and then returned to the old estate at Shibukawa.
  888. This was because his ancestors were from Hojo (彭城) in Jiangsu Province, China.
  889. This was because in Tengen jutsu, in lieu of written symbols, calculation rods were arranged in a certain order to represent calculations: for example, the order of (1 3 4) can express either a single polynomial 1+3x+4x^2 or the multivariable linear expression x+3y+4z.
  890. This was because in the first instance, the role was assumed by Chinju-fu (Pacification and Defense Headquarters) and Chinju-fu shogun (Commander-in-Chief of the Defense of the North) both located in Mutsu Province.
  891. This was because it acted as insurance for Empress Dowager Cixi.
  892. This was because it became possible to collect these taxes without relying on the Ritsuryo system of governance.
  893. This was because it quickly became a diplomatic issue as the Imperial family and high officials had been invited from Qing before the opening of the Exhibition.
  894. This was because it was known by common people.
  895. This was because it was recognized that jiden fields or shinden fields were not owned by temples or shrines but belonged to Buddha or gods.
  896. This was because it was strongly requested to utilize the capacity from reparations gained by the Sino-Japanese War for securing national revenue of the next generation.
  897. This was because kokuga tried to prevent tato fumyo from having a firm relationship with specific myoden.
  898. This was because learning Western languages became easier and because it became possible to import academic terms of Western leaning directly and without any trouble to create suitable translations.
  899. This was because nations other than Japan and Russia could not dispatch many military forces to China as they had their own various problems.
  900. This was because of Yodo's attitude in which, although he oppressed kinno (勤皇) activists within his clan, he served the Imperial Court and at the same time took actions for the benefit of Bakufu.
  901. This was because of political intention to restrain territorial lords' financial power by forcing them to make a lot of expense for daimyo-gyoretsu.
  902. This was because of the station's close proximity to Mimuroto-ji Temple, which is famous for hydrangea blossoms.
  903. This was because people thought that those who helped visitors would receive the same blessing as them.
  904. This was because provinces' gunji (a local government official) did not respect gods' (Original in Chinese.)
  905. This was because resistance among their chief retainers or the most powerful local families was strongly against any land surveys of their own (long-held) land holdings.
  906. This was because seamanship died out due to a dynasty change.
  907. This was because southern Kyushu was a vast stretch of volcanic ash and sand inappropriate for rice cropping while the ritsuryo system was centered on rice cropping.
  908. This was because the Edo bakufu intended to carry out all suits according to legal procedures for the preservation of the shogunate system.
  909. This was because the Emperor enjoyed watching sumo matches in the garden of the Shishinden Hall (the Hall for State Ceremonies) of the Imperial Court during the annual ceremony of the Star Festival held on July 7.
  910. This was because the Emperor had already grown up and did not have much psychological resistance to Japanese compared to European.
  911. This was because the Nijo family did not have any notable documents concerning yusokukojitsu.
  912. This was because the Otomo clan believed it was too presumptuous to have the same name as the Emperor.
  913. This was because the Tokugawa family claimed themselves to be the descendants of the Seiwa Genji.
  914. This was because the basic weight unit in Japan was 'ryo.'
  915. This was because the both sides of the chest of hoeki no ho were closed, therefore, it was not seen whether hanbi was worn or not.
  916. This was because the ceremonial investiture of the Crown Prince could not be carried out due to economic difficulties of the imperial family.
  917. This was because the eldest son of Odai no kata, Yasumoto was always away from home and her second son Katsutoshi had been held hostage by another family since he was a child.
  918. This was because the founder Teiichi YUKI had a profound knowledge of tea ceremony, and Teiichi established the Yuki Museum of Art later based on his collection of tea utensils.
  919. This was because the influence of a manor owner (called honjo, a proprietor of a manor) could not reach throughout his manor very much due to a long distance between his ordinary location and his manor in the regions other than the Kinai and the Kyushu regions.
  920. This was because the katte-zukuri rei increased the sake production amount, and the interest of tsukuri-zakaya who needed more staff coincided with the interest of peasants who wanted to make even a little money during the agricultural off-season.
  921. This was because the land of the Tsushima Domain was mountainous and not fitted for farming and was forced to remain in a poor state without trade with Korea.
  922. This was because the liquor market was being saturated around this time.
  923. This was because the mountain consisted of 2 layers: subsequently this spot came to be called 'Two Layer Ridge' (Futae no Toge).
  924. This was because the name 'Kinosaki' was given to a limited express train that was to operate between Kyoto Station and Kinosaki Station in 1996.
  925. This was because the name of the "Nagano Shinkansen line" gave at that time the slight impression that "the line ends at Nagano," inviting from the Hokuriku region a strong protest that the naming may kill the prospect of the line being extended beyond Nagano.
  926. This was because the persons in charge of peace talk of both Japan and Ming made false reports in order to smoothly realize peace.
  927. This was because the play was written at that time with a little consideration of following according to a historical evidence, and Terakoya and families into education used to worship the Tenjin statues, and guests during the Edo Period had a strong connection with Tenjin.
  928. This was because the pronunciation of Japanese syllables changed from the late Heian period to the Kamakura period.
  929. This was because the ratio of liquor tax in revenue, which was about 30 percent in the Meiji period, had already decreased to about 12 percent, so that liquor tax was not the major source of revenue for the government.
  930. This was because the rumor of the kansei (sympathetic policies) had spread and thus reduced the Ifu's hostility.
  931. This was because the shogunate accepted a proposal by Hachiro KIYOKAWA, a Goshi of the Shonai Clan.
  932. This was because the sign used by one of the 103 or 201 series of JR Nanba regional rapid trains traveling to Nara via Sakurai and Takada during the morning rush hour did not carry the description 'Regional Rapid Service JR Nanba via Sakurai and Takada.'
  933. This was because the students from Qing suspected that the Taiwanese women on display were actually from Hunan, China.
  934. This was because the thought of Ju-kyo was considered incompatible with Marxism, which was the foundation for communism.
  935. This was because the view that the leader of the Bakufu had to be a Minamoto (Genji) Shogun was deeply rooted amongst lower ranked vassals at that time.
  936. This was because the wife of Imperial Prince Tamehira was MINAMOTO no Takaakira, who had the title of Sadaijin (Minister of the Left), and the FUJIWARA clan was afraid of the Daigo-Genji (Minamoto clan) becoming a maternal relative to the emperor.
  937. This was because the works had been scattered and lost spontaneously.
  938. This was because there had not been an idea of being an subject holding a free and independent right in Japan until then.
  939. This was because there was a code of silence in the geisha community and breaking the code was a serious offense.
  940. This was because they outsourced it to koji-ya (koji supplier), whose primary business was the production of koji, and they were in another industry.
  941. This was because they thought that if the Qing dynasty would learn and abide by international law, it would be possible to make negotiation smooth and stabilized without using large-scale gunboat diplomacy again.
  942. This was because they were deliberately avoided, as the construction of tunnels was very costly, time consuming, and extremely dangerous with the civil engineering technology available during the Meiji and Taisho periods.
  943. This was because they were neither allowed to hunt animals or birds for food, nor kill pests.
  944. This was because under "Kinchu narabini kuge shohatto" (a set of regulations that applied to the emperor and the Kyoto nobles) the rank of Imperial prince was lower than that of regents and advisers.
  945. This was because working for money was a vulgar behavior which was below the standards of value of Bunjin who respected elegance.
  946. This was because, after Ansei no Taigoku (a purge by the Shognate in an effort to suppress extremists) carried out by Tairo (chief minister) Naosuke II, Yoshinaga MATSUDAIRA was forced to abdicate the headship of the family and was suspended from the office.
  947. This was because, in Confucian feudal society, it was thought that deal accompanied by interest was vulgar, that it should had been based on the mutual trust, and that it was an issue basically to be settled inside.
  948. This was because, since the applicants for sakan (kokushi) and shisho (a person doing miscellaneous duties concerning documents) of the regular nenkan decreased, rinjikyu was devised to cope with the shortage of ninryo (fee for getting an official rank) income.
  949. This was because, through the Dappan samurai, the Domain's military secrecy and family troubles could be revealed in public and frequently caused fatal 'Kaieki' sanctions (sudden dismissal and deprivation of position, privileges and properties) for the domain (and/or the lord of the domain).
  950. This was black-lacquered in the beginning, but, wooden-basis Geta became popular thereafter.
  951. This was born at the waterfront of Edo in the beginning of the 18th century.
  952. This was built during the Ansei era (late Edo period) and before being relocated to the temple in 1884, was originally the dwelling used by Emperor Meiji in the old imperial palace.
  953. This was built during the Edo period in 1708 and is used during renga parties even now.
  954. This was built in 1627 for Emperor Gomizunoo, and its official name is Sakuramachiden.
  955. This was built in the Kamakura period and is one of representative Japanese-style Buddhist temples at that time.
  956. This was built with the goal of contributing to the succession of the town's history and culture.
  957. This was called "Ichiza senji".
  958. This was called "ippyo-koden" (lit. bag koden).
  959. This was called "karita" or "karihata" (reaping of crops) at that time.
  960. This was called "martyrium" and along with the church, which was a place for worship, this became an important core of the Christian community.
  961. This was called "morning Lotus Sutra chanting and evening Amida Buddha prayers."
  962. This was called "mura-koden" (lit. village koden).
  963. This was called "yonin."
  964. This was called 'Chikara no Tsukasa' in a Japanese way.
  965. This was called 'Irigachi' (literary, enter and win).
  966. This was called 'Mujigachi' (literary, solid win) and regarded as a very fine victory.
  967. This was called 'anbun.'
  968. This was called 'gaikaku' (outer compound), 'sotoguruwa' (outer compound) or 'sogamae' (defense facilities such as moats and mounds).
  969. This was called 'inarinokumon.'
  970. This was called 'kaedeshiki' (the accompaniment style), and Yaezaki Kengyo, who lived in Kyoto, further refined the style.
  971. This was called 'kumonmoku' or 'kumonshisei.'
  972. This was called 'sokoku.'
  973. This was called 'tameazuke.'
  974. This was called 'the Tripitaka in Shu edition' in old times; today, however, it is generally called 'Kaihozo' based on the era name at the time of the first block or as the 'rescript edition' because it was carved by the founder's imperial rescript.
  975. This was called 'the college of Bando' by Christian missionaries, and in those day it was thought as a central school in Japan.
  976. This was called Kakusei undo (a clean-up campaign).
  977. This was called Kandaka, and the land system that used Kandaka as a scale for tax revenue is referred to as Kandaka sei.
  978. This was called Kanmotsu kacho and the rice collected by this system was called Kacho-mai.
  979. This was called Shoki-koen (lecture of Shoki).
  980. This was called Toshi hyakumon (stringed 100 mon).
  981. This was called Tsuchimikado dairi Palace, which came to be the predecessor of the current Kyoto Gosho.
  982. This was called Zokurosen.
  983. This was called Zoyakumen (exemption of Zoyaku).
  984. This was called jigeuke.
  985. This was called juryomei.
  986. This was called kaeri-denjo or kansho/gensho.
  987. This was called kokudaka system, and the output of crops other than rice and seafood was converted into the output of rice of the same economic value as those products.
  988. This was called sanmon santo.
  989. This was called the "Genko Incident".
  990. This was called the 'Shohei Itto' (Unification of Shohei).
  991. This was called the 'Yodo Summer Carnival' and fireworks show using 3,000 fireworks held until 2005.
  992. This was called the Battle of Kishiwada.
  993. This was called the Riso-fumyo system (a percentage/unit of the yearly land tax yield taken in by the manager of an estate).
  994. This was called the Shugo-ryogoku system, and some shugo daimyo exercised a lot of power by taking charge of shugo in more than one province.
  995. This was called the Tsuchi-ikki or Do-ikki (Tsuchi uprising).
  996. This was called the first Zosanshu.
  997. This was called the grant of zuryomei (honorary titles).
  998. This was called the post Southern Court Period.
  999. This was called the second Zosanshu, which directly led to the postwar sanzoshu (sake swelled by adding distilled alcohol, sugars, acidulants, monosodium glutamate, etc.).
  1000. This was called the tadashi-fuki.


391001 ～ 392000

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