| Tsukumogami were painted solely as apparitions, and their models were the embodiment of nature and daily necessities (including domestic animals) that had existed before the Edo period. |
もっぱら妖怪として描かれ、その造形は江戸時代以前からあった自然の具現化と九十九神などの生活必需品（家畜などを含め）を踏襲したものである。 |