| They received necessary farming implements and cattle for cultivation from the owners or the managers, cultivated the farmlands in shoens, paid taxes and farm rent and did labor services in the shoens. |
彼らは必要な農具や耕牛の提供を所有者や管理者から受けながら荘園内の耕地を耕作して租税や小作料を納めた他、荘園内の労働にも従事した。 |