| In highlands the freedom of farmers was preserved (especially in livestock raising, the labor intensity was weakened and so the service of serfs was not needed), but on the other hand, the most oppressive governance of shoens was also seen in several areas in Europe. |
高地では農民の自由が保たれるようになっていた（特に畜産は労働の集約化が弱まったため、農奴の奉仕を必要としなくなっていった）が、他方、ヨーロッパの幾つかの地域では、最も圧政的な荘園支配と呼ばれるような状況も見られた。 |