| With the arrival of Kurofune (the black ships of Commodore Matthew Perry) and the conclusion of Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan as the turning point, the trade system controlled by the bakufu (Sakoku) was dissolved, resultantly lowering the authority of the bakufu and increasing the authority of the Imperial Court. |
同後半の黒船来航と日米和親条約締結を契機として、幕府の管理貿易体制（鎖国）は解かれ、結果として幕府の威信は低下し、朝廷の権威が増大した。 |