| It was not rare for the serfs to sublease their estate, and from the thirteenth century the payment of money began instead of labor services on the land (the land directly controlled by the lords). |
農奴が保有財産を転貸することは珍しくなく、13世紀頃からは領地（領主の直轄地）での労役の代わりに金銭納入が行われるようになった。 |