| It unilaterally concluded that the western culture is 'sin culture' which has ethical standards inward, while the Japanese culture is 'shame culture' that has the standards (appearances or decency) outward. |
西欧文化は倫理基準を内面に持つ「罪の文化」であるのに対し、日本文化は外部（世間体・外聞）に持つ「恥の文化」と一方的に決め付けた。 |