| Barriers and checkpoints were erected by the bakufu or by influential temples, shrines, or local lords at key points around ports and on highways, collecting tolls (sekisen) for land and customs (tsuryo) for sea travel and trade. |
港や街道の要所には幕府や寺社、地方領主らにより関所が設置され、関銭や津料を徴収していた。 |